Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor with striated muscle differentiation. Most commonly developing in children or adolescents. Previously three subtypes have been described: embryonic, alveolar and pleomorphic. Spindle cell / sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare new subtype described in the latest edition of the WHO soft tissue, it develops in children and adults and it is subdivided into 3 genomic groups with different prognosis according to the latest advances in cytogenetics. We report a case of sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma in a 15-year-old boy with painful swelling of the forearm that has progressed for 3 months. Microscopic examination shows entirely tumor fragments, consisting of an eosinophilic hyaline matrix delimiting tumor lobules and nests, sometimes with a pseudo-vascular and alveolar appearance. Tumor cells have small, irregular and hyperchromatic nuclei with coarse chromatin and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Rare rhabdomyoblast cells are noted. Immunohistochemistry shows expression of Desmine; Myogenin; CD99; Myo D1 and loss of SMA expression.

Thyroid lesions are a common encounter in clinical practice. Standardisation in the reporting of these cases in radiology and cytology is a recent advance. TIRADS system is the standard in the reporting of radiology and Bethesda system (TBSRTC) has been used as the benchmark in cytology. We have undertaken this study with the aim of studying the patterns of thyroid lesions in cytology and compare the same with reporting system in radiology (TIRADS). All the cases coming to the Departments of Endocrinology & Surgery were included and we have 47 cases with a female predominance, 43.7 years was was the mean age of presentation with female predominance, only 2 cases were seen in males. Benign lesions (80%) was predominant over the malignant cases (10%). Most of the cases come under category II in the TBSRTC system in cytology which includes nodular colloid goiter, adenomatous goiter & thyroiditis. Taking the TIRADS system into consideration, most of the cases were included under category 3(probably benign) with the malignancy rate as low as 5%.Maximum concordance was seen between TIRADS 3 and TBSRTC IIresults. Thus our results were in par with other similar studies. Fine needle aspiration can thus be performed only in cases which belong to TIRADS IV or V and thus avoid unnecesary aspirations.

Introduction: The p16 gene is a tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome 9p21, that is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and is essential in regulating the cell cycle. In human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, the HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 can inactivate pRB and thus lead to p16 overexpression. Materials and Methods: This is prospective and descriptive study conducted in the Department of Pathology, IMS, BHU and HIMS over a period of 1 year from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. Archival, formalin fixed tumour specimens from patients were retrieved from the department of pathology for immunohistochemical staining by means of an anti-p16 monoclonal antibody. In total, there were 90 patients. We evaluated p16 expression for its clinicopathological significance. Result: HPV types and status in correlation with clinical parameters and expression of p16. Eighty five out of 90 patients with primary carcinoma of the vagina (PCV) could be evaluated for HPV status. 26 were positive for high-risk HPV and 59 were HPV negative. The majority (17 out of 26, 65%) of HPV-positive patients were positive for HPV16. The others were positive for HPV45 (4 patients, 16.6%), HPV18 (2 patient, 8.3%), HPV35 (1 patient), HPV56 (1 patient), and HPV68 (1 patient). Human papillomavirus positivity was significantly correlated with strong p16 expression (p= 0.045). In all, 7 out of the 59 HPV-negative patients were negative for p16 immunostaining, while the remaining 83% showed varying expression: 39 out of 59 (60.9%) showed moderate or strong p16 expression. Conclusion: The vast majority of HPV positive vaginal cancers showed p16 overexpression, suggesting active involvement of HPV in the malignant transformation process. More in-depth studies are needed to understand the molecular carcinogenesis pathway in these p16-negative tumors and to improve outcomes for this population.

Bacterial contamination is a growing global public health threat for individuals, food industry, hospital diagnostics and society. While antibiotics can be used to treat most bacterial infections, they constantly accelerate the emergence and spread of resistance bacteria. Today, many antibiotics are ineffective, but the pace of discovery of new antibiotic has dropped substantially. Conventional methods used to detect and quantify bacteria are plate culturing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemical sensors based detection strategies. Molecular based detection method PCR is considered to be another standard method to detect bacteria. This method can be used for bacteria detection with high sensitivity and specificity, but well-trained personnel and costly instrumentations are indispensable. New colorimetric bacteria detection method based on bacterial inhibition of glucose oxidase-catalyzed reaction. The concentrations of microbes access by following the disc diffusion method that using the antibiotics and also discs to differentiate the different strains of bacteria. Bacterial cultures ability grown in petri plates by using the growth medium such as nutrient agar. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is detected with excellent specificity and sensitivity by IDI-MRSA via simultaneous targeting of the staphylococcal chromosomal cassettes.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an outbreak and become a major public health issue and great concern from international community. Cardiac injuries were suspected and may even be considered as one of the leading causes for death of COVID-19 patients, especially for those with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. The aim of this study is to investigate if cardiac injury (CI) in COVID-19, preexisting or acquired, is associated to increased mortality in these patients from intensive care unit (ICU) in Mohammed VI hospital in Marrakech, Morocco, from March 20, 2020 to May 20, 2020. Fifty-two patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records (EMR). 22.7% patients had CI, all of them developed a HF during COVID-19 course and have died. Among these patients with HF, 44% had comorbidities (vs 7.3% of patients without HF p < 0.05). They were older (61.1 years old vs 50.5), 44% had hypertension and diabetes. Preexisting CV disease was reported in 44% (vs 1%). In terms of laboratory findings, Tn-T (med: 231; 422; 10.3; 8.87; 97.28; 41.86; 59.2; 39.27; 68 pg/mL), Nt-proBNP (553;152; 3166; 134; 306; 17900; 2524; 59000; 450 UI/L), levels of C-reactive protein (med: 147 [106.4-240] vs 162 [5-508.3] mg/L) and electrolyte disturbances: hypokalemia (88% vs 86%, p< 0. 05). Early evaluation and monitoring of cardiac damage with distinct attention to the elderly and highest CV risk factors may identify patients with HF and contributed to decreased COVID-19 mortality.

Background: Diagnosis of bloodstream infections in newborns is difficult due to a wide range of symptoms. Empirical therapy guided by a knowledge of the causative agents and their local antibiotic susceptibility profile is a crucial step in improving therapeutic results. As a result, we planned to investigate the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal sepsis. This was to compare the efficacy of a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin against 3rd generation cephalosporins for empirical antibiotic treatment of neonatal sepsis. Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study conducted over one and a half years.The period of study was from January 2019 to June 2020 in the Department of Paediatrics and Microbiology of a tertiary care Teaching hospital, Hydrabad. Blood culture samples of neonates suspected of having EOS or LOS were sent to the Microbiology department where they were inoculated into BACTEC TM Peds plus/F which was then inserted into the BD BACTEC fluorescent series instrument for incubation. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by disc diffusion as per CLSI guidelines. Zone sizes were measured and interpreted by BD PHOENIX AUTOMATED AST machine according to CLSI standards 2016. Results: 402 neonates were admitted to the neonatal unit of our hospital with suspected sepsis between January 2021 to June 2021. Out of which parents of 372 neonates consented to take part in the study. Out of which 196 were male and 176 were female neonates. Bacteria were isolated from 195 samples and 177 samples were negative out of listed 72 neonates. These 195 neonates were enrolled as cases in the study. Out of 195 cases, 75 cases were inborn and 120 were outborn. The blood culture isolation rate was 33.2 % and 56.5% in inborn and outborn respectively. There were 105 males and 90 females in the study. The culture positivity rate was 52.4%. Bacteria were isolated from 41 samples of suspected EOS neonates with a positivity rate of 33.8% and 154 samples of suspected LOS with a positivity rate of 34.5%. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the 107 cases and gram-negative bacteria were grown in 88 cases. The most common isolate was Staphylococcus aureus in 59(30.26%) followed by non- fermenters in 45(23.08%) cases. Conclusion: The prevalent pattern of causative etiological agents and their sensitivity pattern is critical because it aids in the selection of particular and effective antibiotic(s) for the index case's therapy. It also aids in the development of an institutional strategy for the selection of antibiotics for newborns admitted with suspected sepsis at the time of admission. This helps to avoid antibiotic abuse and the development of antibiotic resistance.