Advances in molecular biology techniques have been made due to biomedical engineering approaches for synthesis of new machineries and biomaterials. There are different molecular techniques that have been used for detection of microbes in order to distinguish their cells on the basis of their characteristics and structural differences of the same group’s organism. These molecular techniques are PCR, electrophoresis, DNA fingerprinting, Pulse electrophoresis. Besides these techniques for detection of DNA, PCR demand has become most during pandemic of Covid-19. Real time PCR is the most advanced form of PCR that detection the nucleic acid testing in short time with greater chances of accuracy as compared to the other kit based traditional methods for detection of nuclear segments. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is used for viral detection through nucleic acid testing with high accuracy and has become popular technique during pandemic of Covid-19. Bacteria can be utilized for human benefits especially for industrial applications such Viruses infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria. As treatment of many diseases, food industry, pharmaceutical industries and medical industry.

Cotton is the most important crop that growing all around the world due to its immense applications for the synthesis of agricultural based products, textile and branded products. Genome of cotton arises have been sequenced but some varieties are in process of completion of genome under the genome sequencing technology. The first sequence of the D-genome wild relative of cultivated cotton of G. raimondii has been sequenced that laid foundation the sequencing for other varieties. Cotton demand increased all around the world as compared to other fibers and polyester based fibers. Low or high temperature affected the crops rotation cycles. Soil and water has to be our number one limiting factor and our greatest challenge to improve the yield of all crops so that economy of agricultural farming can be improved. When cotton seeds are crushed by cotton then three distinct compounds are produced: oil, meal and hull that can be used in fertilizers to enrich agricultural soil. Diseases in cotton can be controlled under the splicing and modification through molecular techniques.

Environmental cleaning is an integral element of nosocomial infection prevention. The aim of our study is to determine the efficacy of environmental cleaning practices by estimating the microbial contamination of high touch surfaces in an ICU. We used sodium hypochlorite disinfectant and followed one cloth with one dip on a single surface in one direction technique. Sixty-one pre-cleaning and post-cleaning samples each were collected demonstrating a decrease in bioburden from 59% to 8%. Thus, we report a detailed account on the cleaning protocols practiced in a resource limited setting which are efficient and cost effective.

Transplant recipients are at an increased risk of developing malignancies, which are an important cause of mortality. Many risk factors are linked to the increased incidence of malignancies after transplantation including type, intensity, and duration of immunosuppression, viral infections and sun exposure. The occurrence of angiosarcoma in the Arterio-venous Fistula (AVF) site in a post-transplant patient is a rare phenomenon. It is an aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence and systemic metastasis. There are no specific guidelines for the treatment. They are treated with a multimodality approach of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We present a case of Epithelioid Angiosarcoma developed at AVF site in a patient with dual Pancreas-Renal Transplant who also had lung metastasis at the time of histologic diagnosis. The presenting symptoms were very non-specific and careful evaluation with histopathological assessment and imaging findings helped in early diagnosis and management.