The restoration of lost smile is one of the gratifying things a dentist can render to the society and it plays a significant role in achieving confidence. Just as there are no two smiles alike, there are no two smile makeovers alike. Each smile makeover plan contains a precise combination of treatments designed to address the unique needs and goals of the individual patient. An experienced, skilled dentist will be able to identify the precise approach to be adapted pertaining to the clinical situation which will yield the most stunning results possible. In some cases, that may mean performing just a couple of treatments to produce subtle refinements to a smile. In others, a more comprehensive approach may be necessary. It all depends on the patient needs and the clinical situation. This case report enlightens about an aesthetic rehabhilitation through an interdisciplinary approach.

Aim: The target of the present study was to evaluate clinical, radiographic and mounted hypothesis cast assessment of the abutment onIpattern of fixedIpartial denture: objective: Strength is conducted throughIthe abutments to the periodontium. Primary conclude of failures involve poor designing, theIconsumption ofIunconventional materials, inadequateItooth preparation, and poor knowledge of biomechanics. SuccessfulIsurvivalIofIabutments for fixed partial dentures needs sensitive diagnostic ability and thorough knowledge of stomatognathic system. Conclusion: Valuation of the abutment choice considered intactIpart of diagnosis and treatment planning in fixed partial denture

The article shows the role of chronic periodontitis in maintaining low-intensity systemic inflammation, which underlies the pathogenesis of many somatic diseases. Some etiological factors of chronic periodontitis, namely the growth of specific microflora, can affect the course of pathological processes or conditions in various organs and systems of the body, which indicates the mandatory examination of the oral cavity in the treatment of any somatic diseases.

Wound healing is a process of tissue repair which involves tissue response to injury. It is a series of biological events begins as hemostasis but then involves an inflammatory responses, formation of connective tissue, covering the wound with epithelium as well as remodeling of the wound.

The dentist in the course of everyday practice is frequently called upon to treat a variety of infections which may be caused by viruses, bacteria, and sometimes fungi. The ability to treat these infections successfully has been totally revolutionizes since the discovery and subsequent clinical application of certain chemical substances which are produced by the microorganisms and has the ability to suppress or actually kill other microorganisms, these chemical substances are known as antibiotics. Approximately 10% of all antibiotic prescriptions are linked with dental infections and there’s a widespread abuse of antibiotics in medical and dental field. The inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to increased treatment costs, increased risk of adverse events associated to the antibiotic used and most significantly development and propagation of antimicrobial resistance. The definitive indications to be used of antibiotics in dentistry are limited and specific. The purpose of this review article is to discuss about the legitimate use of antibiotics in dental practice for control of oral infection, antibiotic prophylaxis in case of systemic conditions and the overuse and misuse of antibiotics.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy as well as pain perception status in patients, who have been administrated Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) for third molar extraction by both closed mouth as well as open mouth techniques. Methodology: 90 patients were enrolled in the present study. The patients were given inferior alveolar nerve block to extract mandibular third molar by three different techniques. They were divided in 3 groups of 30 patients each in which conventional open mouth, Fischer 123 technique, closed mouth Vazirani Akinosi technique were assigned with Group I, II, III respectively. Pain Perception (VAS), Speed of anaesthesia, Patient anxiety and Clinician expertise were measured. Results: The results show that intra-oral conventional technique is less technique sensitive as compared to Vazirani-Akinosi and Fischer’s 123 techniques. Former is still the best in terms of less expertise required as well as pain perception by the patient. Conclusion: Conventional open mouth technique is still the most popular choice amongst clinicians and the pain sensitivity is also negligible amongst the patients with this classic intra-oral technique. Indirect as well as closed mouth technique requires more skilled expertise but can be used in cases with limited mouth opening.

Aim: This study was designed while aiming that this study explore the association between educational level and level of dental anxiety among patients in Pakistan. Method: The current study was based on descriptive cross-sectional research design. Data was collected from the patients of public sector dental hospital of Lahore. Data was collected from 160 patients who visited dental hospital at surveying time and participated in the study as volunteers. To explore the relationship of educational level with regards to dental anxiety among patients, Chi square was used. Results: The results of Chi-Square revealed that educational level and dental anxiety showed significant difference (X2=125.867, P> .001). Mild dental anxiety among patients with below matric education was higher (80%) followed by patients with education level of matriculation (70%), then came patients with Higher secondary school education (52%) and patients with graduation degree were 35%. With moderate to severe dental anxiety, patients with graduation degree were found to be higher (38%) and at lower level were the patients below matric education level (10%). Patients with dental phobia were found more in the category of graduated patients (27%) and least in patients below matric (10%). Conclusion: In conclusion, educational level was found to be significant with dental anxiety levels in the patients coming to the public dental hospitals in Pakistan. Factors behind these findings should be explored to fill the gap literature as patients with higher educational level have higher level of dental anxiety which is in opposite of previous literature.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the oral health status as well as gender-wise difference related to periodontal diseases status among cancer survivors. Method: Data of this crossectional study was collected from 100 cancer survivors from two hospitals. Data was analyzed using chi-square. Results: The descriptive statistics revealed that 62% participants showed very poor oral health whereas 38% participants reported poor oral health. Greater chewing difficulties were reported by 70% of the participants and 30% participants reported normal problems in chewing. Problem in speaking was reported at higher level by 58% participants whereas 42% participants reported less difficulty in speaking. Gender wise difference related to periodontal diseases among cancer survivors revealed that more males were found healthy as compared to females, greater number of females had gum bleeding, calculus and 4-5mm tooth pocketing as compared to males and higher number of males had 6mm or greater tooth pocketing as compared to females. Conclusion: In conclusion, cancer survivors have poor oral health status as well as they suffer from periodontal diseases.

Aim: The need for the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude as well as perception of clinical implications of behavioral management techniques (BMT) in undergraduate students. Methodology: Our research enrolled 280 final year BDS students into the questionnaire survey. The survey consisted of 15 objective questions which were emailed to the survey participants. The questions were regarding the teaching of various behavior management techniques in the various institutes, and the attitude of the participants as to which method they are most likely to use according to the age group. Results: Our study showed that final year students had limited access to manage pediatric patients. Participants reported that one of the most common problems they faced in pediatric patients was to overcome their anxiety and fear of needles in the dental setup (75.3%). Most common form of BMT which was observed by the UG students was ‘Tell Show Do’ technique (67.3%), which made the pediatric patients familiar with dental set up. Conclusion: We observed that final year students need more exposure and better experience to handle pediatric patients with use of various behaviour management techniques, which will also help to build their confidence in accomplishing their professional goals later on.

Background: Multiple myeloma is the majorly occurring plasma cell dyscrasia. It involves the plasma cells, bone marrow and kidneys. There is monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells which secrete light chain immunoglobulins IgG type. These immunoglobulins tend to precipitate in the form of para proteins. It has a very complex pathogenesis which makes difficult to predict the prognosis of the disease. Therefore, majority of cases go into phase of relapse or progression and may sometimes present with bone lesions which were not present in the primary disease. Case Report: A 52 year male patient presented to the out patient department of our institute. He was a known case of multiple myeloma and was in the remission phase. He complained of pain in 46 and 47 region which he had undergone extraction 3 months back. On evaluation, the lesions were found to be bone lesions present in multiple myeloma. Therefore, a diagnosis of relapse case of multiple myeloma was given. Conclusion: Multiple myeloma is a disease of variable prognosis and needs to have thorough follow up protocols and an interdepartmental approach, in order to have an early diagnosis and treatment.

Background: alteration in the jaw growth falling within the non-syndromic/normal variation of the facial features may lead to malocclusion of the teeth severe enough to be treated by orthodontics or orthognathic surgery so as to restore normal occlusion. The abnormal cervical muscle function occurring during torticollis may lead to alteration of the head posture affecting the growth and development of the maxilla-facial region leading to occlusal abnormality and facial asymmetry. Case report: A 14 year old torticollis treated with myofunctional and fixed orthodontic appliance.