The mucocele is one of the common benign salivary gland disorders that occur in the oral cavity due to mucous accumulation and results in alteration of minor salivary glands. Lower lip is the most common site of the extravasation mucocele and is caused due to trauma or a habit of lip biting, while retention mucoceles can be found at any other site. Mucoceles most probably affect young patients but can affect all the age groups. Diagnosis is mostly based on clinical findings. Mucocele may have a soft consistency, bluish, and transparent cystic swelling. The treatment of choice is surgical removal.

Objective: To assess periodontal status of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and to compare periodontal health of patients with and without orthodontic treatment. Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was done on 100 patients (50 orthodontic and 50 non-orthodontic). CPITN (Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Need) was used to assess the periodontal health of indexed teeth. SPSS version 17 and Chi Square test were used to analyze and compare the data. Result: There was a statistically significant association in CPITN score between orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients (p<0.01). Conclusion: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have increased plaque accumulation and probing depth that may be associated with periodontal destruction. Patient motivation to maintain oral hygiene and regular scaling will minimize hazardous effects in orthodontic patients.

A multidisciplinary approach to medicine is something that is becoming more popular and widespread today. The combination of multiple health care disciplines can be extremely beneficial to progress an individual’s healing at a more rapid pace than relying only on one area for assistance. Amongst the most popular medical disciplines today, ancient ayurvedic medicine is most popular that many patients are seeking to relieve their ailments not only in India but also in other parts of the world. On the other hand, dental implants are the modern treatment modality that is popular for management of edentulism. However, majority of the elderly patients receiving dental implants are systemically associated with bone disorders that affect bone healing which in turn interferes with osseointegration. Here this review focuses on various pharmacological agents (including ayurvedic) for management of osteoporosis. For the review, data was collected from recently published articles (2001-2018) and multidisciplinary treatment options available for osteoporosis are summarized and reviewed.

Aims: To evaluate the management of patients initially refusing care and their treatment under conscious sedation by the inhalation of Equimolar Mixture of Oxygen-Nitrous Oxide in the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of dental medicine in Monastir. Settings and Design: A 5 years retrospective study. Methods and Material: Dental session’s treatment under conscious sedation were done once a week. Data for only one operator was collected. Data entry was performed using SPSS statistical software. Quantitative variables were expressed by their mean and standard deviation and categorical variables by their number and frequency. Differences with P-value < 0.05 were recorded as statistically significant. Results: The sample represents 161 patients (226 care sessions), the majority of patients treated under conscious sedation are aged between 3 and 30 years. The mean age is 8.02 years with a standard deviation of 4.591 years. The most represented age group is that of 5-14 years with 74% of the total number. The category of the most treated patients in our study were disabled patients with 49%, then young children with 36% and anxious patients with 13%. The category of occasional indications related to the act represents only 3%. Recruitment was mostly performed within the Department of Paediatric Dentistry. Extractions represent 40%, no serious side-effects were observed. The success rate was 93.2%. Conclusions: Since it is carried out in a Paediatric Dentistry department, this study provides a vision of conscious sedation benefits with young patients requiring this specific treatment.

Cleft lip and palate are the utmost typical facial deformity. It may occupy lip only, lip and palate and palate only. The primary deduction of clefting in infants may be each environmental or genetic aspects (such as familial factors and chromosomes). The amount of professionals involves in management of clefting and decides the highest treatment plan depending on the site of deficiency and period of the infant. Aim: The principle of the current paper is to present the etiology of cleft lip and cleft palate mutually the genetic and the environmental aspects. It is optional that the genetic basis for dissimilar kinds of familiar or unusual congenital malformations may marvelously be homogeneous, even as, the ecological basis is heterogeneous. Etiology: The etiology of CLP looks multifaceted, with genetics playing a vital function. Numerous genes create syndromic CLP have been exposed. Three of them, T-box transcription factor-22, poliovirus receptor-like-1, and interferon regulatory factor-6 are accountable for generate X-linked cleft palate, cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, and Vander Woude and popliteal pterygium syndromes, correspondingly; they are also occupied in nonsyndromic CLP. Conclusion: To terminate, while the etiology of nonsyndromic CLP is still mostly unidentified, mutations in applicant genes have been known in a tiny amount of cases. Formative the qualified menace of CLP on the basis of hereditary conditions and environmental manipulate (together with smoking, alcohol use, and dietary factors) will be practical for genetic analysis and the expansion of future protective procedures.

Aim: Purpose of our study was to assess the awareness of dentists regarding medico-legal aspects in dentistry. Methodology: Our study enrolled 100 BDS dentists as participants in the online survey. Questions premeditated to test the awareness of dental practitioners toward IC, types of consent, time for taking consent, consent form for minors, negligence for non-referral, indemnity policy etc. Results: The results show that around 78% of dentists knew about informed consent and its importance in medico-legal aspects. Around 67% of dentists were aware of CPA and 45.7% of them had the knowledge about indemnity insurance policy and how it helps the dentist in case of medico-legal issues. Conclusion: In our study, we came across the fact that dentists participated in the survey had knowledge about informed consent but had less awareness about dental code of ethics. There was a need to increase awareness for medico-legal aspects in dental professionals.

Basic life support (BLS) is a resuscitative emergency care provided to victims of medical conditions which could be life threatening, until they can be given full medical care at a hospital. BLS ensures maintenance of clear airway, support of breathing and blood circulation in case of cardiac arrest .BLS is an important aspect of daily emergency medical treatment which ,if provided correctly can save a life. Objective: the objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals towards basic life support in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Method: The study was cross sectional in nature. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 174 dental students of government and private sector in Lahore, which included questions on various aspects of basic life support including basic knowledge about treatment procedures and general attitude of dental students towards training. Dully filled questionnaires were collected, analyzed and presented as pie chart and graphs. Results: In this study, 51% of participants showed lack of basic knowledge about basic life support and none of the participants were able to answer all of the asked questions .76% of students admitted that they were never educated about basic life support but 96% of participants agreed that they should be trained for providing basic life support. Conclusion: It was concluded that the dental students and practitioners of Lahore have a healthy attitude towards training of basic life support but a considerable number were lacking in general knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and other critical procedures of basic life support. Despite encountering medical emergencies in dental clinical set ups, they were never trained in basic life support. Theoretical and practical training of BLS should be made a compulsory part of dental courses in the region to rectify the situation.

The orthodontic treatments are associated with the movement of the tooth achieved by the involvement of the periodontal ligament that unites the roots of the tooth with the alveolar bone. The forces used to achieve best results for the orthodontic treatment creates stress on the periodontal ligament that promotes traction of bone, bone resorption and tooth movement. During the process of the orthodontic treatment it is essential to maintain a healthy periodontium. Mostly the fixed orthodontic treatment could deteriorate periodontal health because of the wear and tear of the biofilm that access the pathogenic micro-flora to grow. In this study the knowledge and awareness of the dental doctors in Dammam is surveyed to determine the association of periodontitis with the orthodontic treatment. About 89 dental doctors participated in this study, 66 (74.2%) were female participants and 23 (25.8%) were male participants. Around 87 (97.7%) of the dental doctors of Dammam feels that periodontal complications are caused in the patients treated with orthodontics. The dental Doctors of Dammam have comparatively good knowledge about the relationship between the orthodontic treatment and the periodontal diseases. The orthodontist and the periodontist need to do research and development to avoid the periodontal disease during and after the orthodontic treatment.

Calcifying Odontogenic cyst (COC) or Gorlin cyst is an uncommon benign cystic lesion which develops from the odontogenic epithelium. According to WHO it is classified under developmental Odontogenic cysts. They occupy a spectrum ranging from a cyst to an odontogenic tumor. It most commonly involves the anterior region of the jaws. The characteristic feature of COC is the presence of Ghost cells within the epithelium that has a propensity to calcify. In this paper we illustrate a case of COC in a 14-year-old girl, and the investigations done to arrive at the final diagnosis.