Cracked Tooth Syndrome is a relatively common occurrence in general practice. The term cracked tooth syndrome is misleading as there are a range of symptoms that do not form a distinct and reliable pattern. A lack of awareness of the condition coupled with its varied clinical features can make diagnosis of cracked tooth difficult. Crack may initiate from coronal tooth structure or from within the root and affect healthy, restored or root treated teeth. The location, direction and extent of a crack have a profound effect on the choice of treatment, so clarity is important. With these considerations, many teeth with cracks can be saved! This clinical report describes the diagnostic procedures and management of incompletely fractured and unrestored mandibular molar in a 32 year old male patient. Clinical examination revealed teeth with crack line and associated pulpal inflammation. The tooth was splinted with orthodontic stainless steel band and root canal treatment was carried out. The tooth was then restored. Thus, the key factor in the management of cracked tooth is early diagnosis and immediate splinting so as to limit the propagation of the crack.

The success of the treatment rendered depends on the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment planning based on the fundamental principles. The inception of CBCT into Implant dentistry, along with its wide range of application such as in the evaluation of TMJ, assessment of pathologies in or affecting the bones, 3D reconstructions of the bones or in the fabrication of a prosthetic components of the face and jaws in the complex maxillofacial reconstructions has led to a tremendous impact on the confidence of the dentist in the intricate procedures like sinus lifts, ridge augmentations, extractions, and implant placements. This article gives an insight into the background, indications and benefits of CBCT in Prosthodontics and Image Guided Implantology.

Dental bleaching procedures are commonly performed to improve esthetics. It can be either in-office professional bleaching techniques or self-administered home-based bleaching agents. These bleaching agents contain variable concentrations of hydrogen or carbamide peroxide that initiates oxidation process mechanism which reduces the extrinsic tooth discoloration. The objective of this review was to discuss the influence of different whitening agents on the mechanical properties of restorative materials. Dentists should be aware of the mechanical properties of restorative materials and ideally prepare the patients free of carious lesions before performing the bleaching procedures. However, bleaching agents with new formulations are introduced that doesn’t impact the surface integrity of existing restorations. Moreover, composite restorations on bleached enamel surfaces should be placed after at least 2 weeks. For those patients that require restorative treatment immediately, use of antioxidant agents before bonding procedures on bleached enamel neutralizes completely the deleterious effects of bleaching and increases the bond strength.

Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in a group of 5100 dental patients in Yemen. Methods: A total of 5100 digital panoramic radiographs were retrospectively examined for the presence of congenitally missing permanent teeth. The radiographs were obtained from the archival records of patients attending a local dental centers, and colleges of dentistry at the provinces of Ibb, Thamar, and Sana'a in Yemen. Results: A total of 293 congenitally missing teeth were observed in 165patients (136 females and 29males); the overall prevalence of congenitally missing teeth in permanent dentition was 3.23% (2.23% in males, 3.58% in females). Congenitally missing teeth was more prevalent in the maxilla (55%) than in the mandible (45%) and in the right side of the jaws (52.6%) than in the left side (47.4%). The most common congenitally missing permanent tooth was the maxillary lateral incisor (44.48%), followed by the mandibular 2nd premolar (34.48%), the maxillary 2nd premolar (15.51%), the mandibular lateral incisor (5.17%), and the maxillary canine (0.7%). Certain anomalies were co-existed along with tooth agenesis in 66 (40%) patients. Canine impaction was the most common among 29 (17.58%) patients followed by microdontia among 27 (16.37%) patients. Other anomalies present were transposed teeth among 4 (2.43%) patients, ectopic eruption among 4 2.43) %) patients and supernumerary among 2 (1.21%) patients. Canine impaction was commonly seen in relation to the lateral incisor agenesis followed by microdontia. The present study results give a clue of the magnitude of the problem, but further studies are required to identify the etiology of dental agenesis in Yemen.

The demand of aesthetic orthodontics has increased among young and adult population. The request for fast and invisible orthodontic treatment has encouraged the development of clear aligners. Clear aligners are considered as an alternative to dental braces. They are devices that use thermoplastic materials which apply pressure to teeth to move into the desired position. Dozens of company around world offer some type of clear aligner orthodontic product and is widely considered as the future of Orthodontics. Advantages of sequential aligner therapy has been discussed widely, this article discuss concerns and adverse effects and reactions associated with aligner therapy. However, until more clinical research becomes available, aligners cannot be routinely prescribed as an effective alternative to fixed labial appliances. Let us look before we leap.

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is defined as a bone or fibrous adhesion of the anatomical joint and its components in the glenoid fossa, and it is accompanied by limited mouth opening, causing difficulties in chewing, speaking and oral hygiene, which may influence mandibular growth. This condition in children may or may not be associated with a disease, syndrome or trauma. Method: To review the literature on the treatment of ATM ankylosis associated with micrognathia in children with osteogenic distraction, and to report two clinical cases of children with unilateral or bilateral ankylosis with mandibular micrognathia. Methods: To present a broad research on the etiology, risk factors and complications of this condition as the options of treatments for the ankylosis of TMJ in children by Buccomaxillofacial Surgery treated with gap arthroplasty surgery without interposition of materials, with the installation of osteogenic distractors for the correction of mandibular deformities. Results: The cases presented here continue to be treated and monitored since their development is not yet complete, but the procedures performed are successful without presenting recurrences so far. Conclusions: Osteogenic distraction is one of the treatments that can treat ankylosis in children with success. However, the successful treatment of children with TMJ ankylosis with dentofacial deformities is slow and prolonged, and the earlier it is initiated, the greater the success of treatment completion, always depending on the joint work of a multidisciplinary team, as well as family support and patient collaboration.

Aims: To determine association between lip print pattern and different skeletal malocclusions and gender: Material and Methods: Lip prints of 250 patients were obtained and analyzed. Skeletal and dental class I, II, III were analyzed and gender were mentioned. Kruskal wallis test was applied and p value was derived. Level of significance was kept at .05%. Results: In skeletal Class I Males, type IV lip print is common; while in class I females IV are most common. In skeletal Class II males, Type IV. However in Class II females – Lip print type II is most common. In skeletal class III males Type I lip print is more common and class III Females Type II lip print is commonest. Conclusion: There exists a particular pattern of Lip prints in certain skeletal malocclusion and gender. Aims and objectives: To analyze the association of different lip print patterns in different skeletal malocclusion and gender and derive a relation between the two.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the Solubility of Endosequence root repair material fast set putty and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Angelus (MTA-Angelus). Methods and Material: Solubility was determined by preparing stainless steel ring molds which were filled with cements corresponding to two groups (n = 5). Samples were transferred to bottles containing 10 ml of distilled water and stored at 37°C for 1, 7, and 21 days. Solubility was measured as the difference between the initial weight and the weight at the end of each storage period. Results were analyzed using Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Results: The results showed weight loss with time for both materials. The solubility of ERRM and MTA on 21 days was more compared to its solubility after 1 and 7 days. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in solubility between endosequence root repair material and mineral trioxide aggregate.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the current trends in usage, handling and dispensation of endodontic files by the dental practitioners of Karachi. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, two hundred and seventy survey performas were distributed to the dental teaching institutes and private dental clinics of Karachi. Survey participants were questioned about the preferred type of endodontic therapy, file system, method of dispensation of files, method of disinfection or sterilization of used files, criteria to discard used endodontic files and the preferred method of removal of debris from used files. SPSS version 21 was used for the calculation of frequency and percentage for statistical analysis. Results: Total two hundred and seventy survey forms were distributed out of which 200 were received with total response rate of 70.07%. 45.5% of dental practitioners perform manual root canal where as 19.5% prefer rotary endodontics. 82.25% respondents preferred to use Protaper files for rotary endodontics. 69.5% of the participants dipped the files in hydrogen peroxide while 20% kept their files in sodium hypochlorite while performing endodontic therapy. Autoclaving of the used files was found to be most common method amongst 87.5% of the participants and 80% of the respondents discard the files on first sign of deformation. 53% of the respondents dipped files in hydrogen peroxide to remove debris after usage.

Background: Numerous restorations have been used in dentistry to substitute the lost natural tooth structure. In attempts to improve the mechanical properties of glass ionomer, a nano-zirconia reinforced glass ionomer was introduced. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of cyclic stresses on flexural strength of two aesthetics restorative materials. Materials and methods: A nano-hybrid composite resin and a nano-zirconia reinforced glass ionomer were used in this study. A total of 80 specimens, 40 for each restorative were fabricated. In each group, 10 specimens were assigned for each aging condition as following; control, thermo-cyclic stresses, mechanical-cyclic stresses and combined thermo-mechanical cyclic stresses. Then the specimens were submitted to 3-point loading test using the Universal Testing Machine. Results: In all test conditions, nano-hybrid composite resin showed statistically significant higher mean flexural strength than nano-zirconia reinforced glass ionomer (61.1MPa SD ±17.3, 24.2 MPa SD ± 9.9 P-value <0.001). The control condition showed the highest statistically significant mean flexural strength (59.4 MPa SD± 26.8, P-value<0.001), while the combined condition showed the lowest statistically significant mean of flexural strength (29.7 MPa, SD±15.9, P-value <0.001). Conclusions: Nano-hybrid composite showed superior performance than zirconia reinforced glass ionomer when subjected to cyclic stresses; either thermal, mechanical or combined.