Oral mucositis (OM) is a common inflammatory complication among cancerous patients as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the healing effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium Guajava leaf on oral induced mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil using histopathologic and tissue antioxidative markers assessment in male dark brown rats. In a prospective randomized double blind animal study, OM was induced in 64 male dark brown rats that allocated in 4 groups by 5-FU (60 mg/kg) on days 0, 5, and 10 of the study. The cheek pouch was scratched with a sterile needle on once daily on days 3 and 4. Starting from day 12, gel base, topical form and 600 mg/kg dietry form of hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium Guajava leaf were administered per day. Pouch histopathology score, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity were evaluated on day 14 and 18. DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolic content also were measured. Histopathology scores of mucositis were lower in the systemic and topical treatment groups than the gel base and control groups (P<0.05). Higher activities of SOD, GPX and TAC were detected in the topical and systemic treatment groups in comparison to the others (P<0.05). The extract was rich in total phenolic content as antioxidant. The use of extract of Psidium Guajava leave may be associated with reduced intensity of OM, increased concentration of SOD, GPX and TAC on induced OM in dark brown rats undergoing 5-FU consumption. This may be due to appropriate antioxidant activity and phenolic contents.

Periodontal disease, caused mainly by bacteria, is characterized by inflammation and destruction of the attachment apparatus of the teeth. Periodontitis is a multi-factorial disease with microbial dental plaque as the initiator of periodontal disease. Studies indicate that the periodontal lesion is not strictly a localized process but may lead to systemic alterations in the immune function. The present study intends to evaluate the correlation of clinical attachment level and C-reactive protein levels in smoker and non-smoker patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. A total of fifty patients were included in the study, and they were divided into two group. Group A consisting of 25 patients who are smokers and they are having chronic generalized periodontitis, while Group B consist of 25 patients who are nonsmokers and having chronic generalized periodontitis. In the study clinical parameters we checked were Oral hygiene index – Simplified (OHI-S), Gingival Index (GI), Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment level (CAL). Furthermore, CRP was evaluated as well between Group-A (Smokers with chronic generalized periodontitis) and Group-B (Nonsmokers with chronic generalized periodontitis). The results showed higher OHI – S, PPD, CAL and CRP levels in Group - A (Smokers having chronic generalized periodontitis) than Group - B (Nonsmokers having chronic generalized periodontitis). GI score was higher in Group - B as compared to Group - A. Increased levels of clinical attachment level (CAL) were seen in smokers suffering from chronic periodontitis. Significantly an increased level of C - reactive protein (CRP) was seen in smokers suffering from chronic periodontitis. Correlation between Clinical attachment level (CAL) and Creactive protein levels (CRP) was very strongly positive and significant. Suggesting, as value of CAL increases, CRP also increases.

The prosthetic considerations for treatment of partially edentulous patients involve evaluation of important aspects such as presence of certain functional or skeletal deficits, orientation of the occlusal plane, free-way space, size and location of edentulous areas, number, strategic location and quality of the likely abutment teeth, vertical dimension, and the type of occlusion. A comprehensive evaluation, multidisciplinary approach and a sequential treatment plan, worked out in harmony with the patient’s perceptions are important factors to ensure a successful outcome. One of the major conditions faced for full mouth rehabilitation is the severely worn dentition. In the present era with increased life expectancy, improved dental care, increased retention of teeth and increased awareness about oral health number of patients with generalized worn dentition have increased. This case report presents a case of partially edentulous bilateral jaws in which full mouth rehabilitation was done using implants and tooth supported prosthesis.

With this work it has been wanted to demonstrate that the reconstruction of any person, does not have limits. We have absolutely all and each of the tools to solve problems of aesthetic nature to patients. Many of these tools should be manufactured individually for a particular case. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery should not be divorced from Maxillofacial Prosthesis. The resolution of three cases is presented with prostheses specially made for a particular person, with their own measures and forms. It will be very comforting for each person to know that they have reached the exact place where they solve their aesthetic problem with special devices built for them. We have worked together with the surgeon and the prosthetist in order to study each case and build the most appropriate device for the type of problem to be solved. A work team will be essential to achieve excellence, because it represents a new alternative of care

The present study is planned to analyze radiographically examined success and failure of endodontically treated teeth among the patients who came at Taibah dental clinics, Saudi Arabia. One hundred (N=100) endodontically treated teeth were clinically examined by using dental mirror, dental explorer and periodontal probe. The periapical radiographs of these teeth were radiographically examined. Several reasons including defective restoration, periodontal disease, recurrent caries, under filling, poor density obturation, over filling and many others of each root filled canal were recorded in the patient data sheets. Chi square test was applied to determine statistical significance if any. Our study demonstrates 20% success rate of endodontic treatment while failure was recorded in 65% and potential failure in 15% of cases. Clinical data revealed defective restoration in 84% followed by periodontal disease (62%), recurrent caries (52%). When endodontic treatment was radiographically evaluated, periodontal lesion was observed in 74% followed by recurrent caries (73%), under obturation (50%), poor density obturation in (48%) of the cases. Defective restoration, poor density obturation, under obturation and periodontal diseases were significantly (p=0.001) associated with endodontic failure while periodontal disease is posing significantly higher risk of potential failure in this study. The success rate of endodontic treatment was found only in 20% and the most common cause of its failure was defective restoration followed by periodontal lesion, recurrent caries, under filling, poor density obturation etc.

To assess the clinical outcome of oral Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with generalised chronic adult Periodontitis. A total of 92 subjects, comprising 46 in non diabetic and 46 in diabetic group were enrolled in the clinical trial according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal clinical parameter, Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) was assessed at baseline. Following initial examination Scaling and root planing was completed for all the subjects enrolled in the study and by cluster randomization first 25 subject subjects from each group were supplemented with oral vitamin D3 granules of 60,000IU once a week for 8 weeks following SRP. At the end of the study after 8 weeks, Probing Pocket Depth was reassessed. Significant improvement was seen in both interventions namely SRP +VITAMIN D and SRP alone .But marked reduction in PPD was seen in SRP+vitamin D supplemented group. Reduction in PPD was more for Non diabetic subjects when compared to Diabetic subjects. Vitamin D supplementation can be used as an adjunct to SRP for both diabetic and non diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis in vitamin D deficient subjects.

Friction is the vital aspect of Orthodontics which requires attention during all the phases of treatment, especially during the phase of space closure. In Orthodontics, space closure can be achieved by the sliding mechanics and/or the segmented arch mechanics. Though sliding mechanics is the most commonly used space closure mechanics, it has the disadvantage of generating the friction at the bracket-archwire interface which indirectly affects the desired tooth movement. Due to the universal acceptance of this type of mechanics, the role of friction in orthodontics has become the topic of interest. Thus, this article enlightens the role of friction in orthodontic tooth movement, with an approach to its clinical implication, the importance of frictional resistance, and the recent advances in orthodontics to reduce the friction.

Prior to initiation of endodontic treatment possibility of extra roots and canals should be considered. The incidence of three canals in mandibular second premolar has been found to be between 0.46-0.5%. The present series describes nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar having three canals and three roots and a mandibular first premolar having two roots and three canals. In the first case, three orifices were located and in the second case a single orifice which bifurcated into two canals in the coronal portion and then one canal further divided into two and three canals exited from the apex was seen. With good operator skill and knowledge of root canal anatomies, teeth with extremely complex root canal morphologies can have successful treatment outcome even if treated non-surgically.

The endodontic preparation of curved and narrow root canals is challenging. Aggressive preparation of the root canal with rotary file systems may result in canal transportation and excess removal of dentine, a major reason for poor prognosis of root canal treated tooth. The purpose of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of Rotary ProTaper Next (PTN) and HyFlex EDM file systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in curved root canals. Forty extracted human mandibular first molars were mounted on acrylic blocks. Specimens were divided into two groups: Group PTN (ProTaper Next) and Group HF (HyFlex EDM). Mesiobuccal canals were instrumented with ProTaper Next and HyFlex EDM rotary files. Pre-instrumentation and Post-instrumentation scans were performed using CBCT under similar conditions. Canal transportation, centering ratio and volume of the dentine removed were evaluated at 3 cross-section levels; 3-mm, 6-mm and 9- mm from the root apex. The data were statistically analyzed and the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Canal transportation was seen minimal with HyFlex EDM (0.021±0.009) at 3mm from the apex and maximum with ProTaper Next (0.028±0.021) at 9mm from the apex. Mean centering ratio was lower for HyFlex EDM to ProTaper Next at all levels. Both Pro Taper Next and HyFlex EDM systems shaped the canals with adequate centering ability and minimal canal transportation. Hyflex EDM better maintained canal centricity but the difference was not statistically significant.

Systemically reviewing the topic Mandibular Third Molar Impaction and its components: prevalence, causes, classifications, complications, and managements. All studies pertaining to the topic and its components were included. Exclusion criteria were applied to exclude studies that were not PubMed indexed. The materials and methods used for this systemic review were to search in the PubMed database, using specific words "Mandibular Third Molar Impaction, Prevalence, Causes, Classifications, Complications, and Managements” and published in the English language. The articles were reviewed, 25 papers were identified in PubMed but a total of 20 papers were included in the final systemic review according to the specific keywords and materials mentioned above. The occurrence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction can be seen in everyday routine oral surgery practice. The prevalence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction is remarkable but varied from one study to another. Causes were investigated showing a multifactorial tendency. Classifications are very essential for diagnosing different types of impaction. Diverse Complications related to Mandibular Third Molar Impaction are possible, yet avoidable. Management was reviewed showing a verity of treatment modalities.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of the neck and back pain among students and staff of the Dental centre, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). This study was conducted among one hundred subjects, comprising of ten consultants, eight residents, fourteen house officers, fortythree dental students, fifteen dental surgery assistants, four therapists and six technologists. Evaluation of the subjects with self-administered questionnaires was done, which comprised subjects’ biodata, posture during work, rest period at work, exercise during rest and location of pain. Pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0 -10) pain scores. Fifty-eight percent of the participants were female, with male to female ratio of 1:1.34 and mean age was 30.23±8.49years. Seventy-six percent (76%) had experienced back pain with neck pain predominating in 38.2% followed by upper back pain (31.6%). There was no statistical difference between the percentage of males (76.2%) and females (75.9%) that have experienced musculoskeletal pain. According to the cadre of the respondents; 100% of residents, 90% of consultants, 86.7% of DSA and 83.3% of dental technologist have experienced musculoskeletal pain in their practice. Only 14.5% of the respondents had missed practice due to pain. Majority (49.0%) compromised their posture while working and only 9% do any form of exercise during rest period. There is a high prevalence of neck and back pain among dental professionals in this study. Years of practice, number of patients seen per day and posture plays a vital role. Hence, a review of the practice of dentistry is needed.