The first tumor marker reported was Bence Jones protein in 1846 by precipitation of a protein in acidified boiled urine. The measurement of Bence Jones protein has been a diagnostic test for multiple myeloma. The first modern tumor marker used to detect cancer was human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), a marker used in pregnancy tests. High level of HCG in the blood may indicate the presence of a placental malignancy. After pregnancy if the uterus continues to enlarge; then a high level of HCG in the blood may indicate the presence of a cancer of the placenta called as Gestational trophoblastic disease. This marker is still used to help in their diagnosis & to monitor their response to therapy. The first success in developing a blood test for a common cancer was in 1965, when Carcinoembryonic antigen was found in the blood of some patients with colon cancer. By the end of 1970s several other blood tests had been developed for different cancers. Some proteins are secreted and/or cleaved into the extra cellular milieu and may represent valuable serum biomarkers for diagnostic purpose. This review is all about the various salivary tumor markers which help in diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this review was to evaluate literature on the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a sole grafting material in sinus floor augmentation. The main advantage of PRF is the avoidance of a second surgical site needed for the harvest of autologous bone. A PubMed search was carried out, limited to human studies for articles on PRF as a sole grafting material. 15 unique results were found. Out of 15, 5 results met our inclusion criteria. All the studies were non-comparative and were analyzed for sample size, case-selection criteria, surgical technique, evaluation criteria, success rates and follow-up period. PRF showed promising results as a grafting material and is a relevant biomaterial for natural bone regeneration. Further, clinical studies including control groups in the form of randomized controlled clinical trials are required to establish the efficiency of PRF as a grafting material in sinus lift procedures.

The term „predatory publishing‟ was coined by Jeffery Beall in 2010 for the journals; unprofessionally exploit the open access model for profit. He also developed a list of predatory publishers called as Beal‟s list. India emerged as a world‟s largest base of predatory publishers followed by U.S.A and Nigeria according to a recent research. Hence the present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of faculty members of three different dental colleges in India regarding predatory publishing.A cross sectional survey was performed in three different dental institutions with the consent of the ethical board of our Institute. The study was designed in a questionnaire form which was used to assess the awareness and knowledge of dental academicians of three different dental institutes of Jaipur city regarding predatory publishing. In addition printouts of Beall‟s list were given to the faculty and asked whether they had already published their papers in the journal given in the list. The data accumulated were grouped and analyzed. Total of 121 faculty members of three different colleges were grouped according to their rank in the department and analyzed. 30.5% of the faculty members were aware about predatory journals. Higher proportions of professors and readers were aware about predatory publishing comparing to senior lecturers. On publication, it was found that 52% of the faculty members published their papers in predatory journals. Adequate knowledge of dental academicians towards this unethical practice is mandatory because predatory journals may take away not only your money but also your prestige and academic reputation.