Myiasis is derived from Greek word mias and was coined by hope in 1840. It refers to invasion or infestation of tissues and organs of human beings by dipterous larva which feed on the host‟s living or dead tissue, liquid body substance, or ingested food for certain period of time. Cutaneous Myiasis is the most common type of Myiasis. It is subdivided into 3 types: furuncle, migratory and wound Myiasis. This article reviews current literature, various types and the agents causing it. It also discuses life cycle of each species and various treatment techniques.

Periodontal disease is the second most prevalent clinical entity among oral diseases, and is recognized as a serious public health problem. Osseous destruction as a result of periodontal disease is classified according to clinical criteria into horizontal (or even) and angular (or vertical) osseous destruction. The detection and accurate assessment of the location, extent and configuration of the endosseous defect is important for the determination of the tooth prognosis, the treatment plan and the maintenance procedures. Radiographic examination is a complementing mean of great importance to obtain the diagnosis of periodontitis, even though it does not reveal the real state of cellular activity, but shows the consequences upon dento alveolar structures.

Damage of a dental needle during local anesthesia is very rare complication nowadays. We present such an occurrence in which the needle was lost in the pterygomandibular space during routine dental practice. Patient was referred to Oral & Maxillofacial surgery department where he was treated and the needle was removed. Postoperative period was uneventful. We attribute this to the utility of Cone Beam Computed Imaging that made the exact locating of the needle in the soft tissues possible. We underline the significance of CBCT to precisely locate the broken needle and to facilitate its surgical retrieval.

For considerable time now, mass media sources have been used for advocating tobacco cessation. Responses from 1010 tobacco users were studied to determine impact of mass media campaigns on the tobacco using population and to identify challenges in effectual implementation of these media campaigns. To analyse the impact of anti tobacco media campaigns on tobacco users. 1010 self reported tobacco users were interviewed to determine if their knowledge, attitude and practices of tobacco consumption were influenced by anti tobacco media mass messages. 646 male and 364 females; between 16-75 years with mean age of 32.84 + 12.2 years participated in the study. 910 (90 %) of participants were unaware about the harmful effects of tobacco at the time of habit initiation, however, 890 (88.11%) participants said that they had gradually become aware of the disadvantages of tobacco use. Majority of participants credited media sources for their awareness but remarked that these campaigns were not helpful beyond creating awareness. A suboptimal outcome was noticed in dissuading tobacco use through media campaigns. Anti tobacco media campaigns have greatly contributed in creating awareness about harmful effects of tobacco; though they have made only a modest impact in prompting tobacco cessation.

Multidisciplinary approach is required for the management of paediatric mandible fractures. Any fault in the treatment might lead to asymmetry of the mandible followed by temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. Etiology links to road traffic accidents, fall, sports injuries and interpersonal violence. Condyle is most commonly involved followed by symphysis, body and angle of the mandible. Treatment options include conservative management, closed reduction and open reduction-internal fixation. In this scientific article, we present a case report of a 12 year old female with fracture of right parasymphysis and left body of the mandible managed by open reduction-internal fixation - intermaxillary fixation whereas the right sagittal split of condylar head managed conervatively.

Radicular cysts are one of the most common pathology of oral cavity that oral and maxillofacial surgeons come across in daily practice. It has different treatment options and an operating surgeon should be aware of them and tailor them for individual patients. Aim of this case was to successfully treat a large periapical lesion of maxilla. 44 year old patient came with a swelling of palate with associated pain and was planned for surgical management of the swelling following thorough investigations. Surgical management of the lesion included enucleation of lesion into to, followed by apicectomy and retrograde filling with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Periapical lesions being one of the common entity has to be treated meticulously by a good team approach and newer materials need to be evaluated to provide a cost effective treatment.

PRF along with various additives like Bone graft (BG) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) enhances periapical healing. This comparative clinical study was taken up to evaluate the periapical healing potential of plasma rich fibrin (PRF) as scaffold along with MTA and bone graft. Two patients with a history of trauma and large periapical radiolucent lesion were selected for this study. After access opening and biomechanical preparation, involved teeth were obturated with gutta percha using AH plus sealer. Subsequently periapical surgery was carried out and PRF was prepared by collecting blood from the patients. In the first patient, a mixture of PRF and MTA was placed into the periapical defect, while in the second patient a mixture of PRF and BG was placed. At 1 month, 3 month, 6 month and 1 year follow up was done for evaluation of clinical and radiographic healing. Both the patients remained clinically asymptomatic. Radiographically healing was found to be better with PRF and BG combination.

Smoking is recognized as one of the major risk factors for chronic periodontitis. RANKL/OPG axis is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism in periodontitis. The objective is to study the effect of smoking on salivary levels of RANKL and OPG in chronic periodontitis. Fifty five subjects with chronic periodontitis with ages range from 24-64 years and 25 apparently healthy volunteers their ages and sexes were matched with the patients were participated in this study. Patients who smoked a minimum of 10 cigarettes per day for 2 years were included in the smoker periodontitis group (25), the remainder of the patients who never smoked were assigned to the non smoker periodontitis group (30). Saliva samples were collected from all patients and control the levels of salivary level of RANKL and OPG were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. The current findings were showed that there are no significant differences in median levels of RANKL and OPG between smokers and non-smokers patients, (p>0.05). In addition there are no significant differences in ratio of RANKL/OPG between smokers and nonsmokers groups of patients (p>0.05). The present study revealed that cigarette smoking had no effect on the salivary levels of RANKL and OPG.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of different types of gingivitis and periodontitis and their distribution in males and females for patients attended to periodontal clinic over 15 months from October, 2015 to December, 2016.1)To evaluate the severity and incidence of those disease among group sexes and how specifically affect each sex group.2)To estimate the periodontal health condition of the community from the study sample.3)To instruct them about the importance of periodontal health and good oral hygiene.4)To make this study a reference study for comparison for other studies. The study was conducted on 1273 patients who attended periodontics clinic, ArAr dental center over 15 months from October, 2015 to December 2016. The sample consisted of 748 male patients and 525 female patients with age vary from 15 to 69. Information on sex, age, systemic diseases, medical history, dental history and periodontal status were obtained (probing, radiographs, plaque and gingival indices). According to data analyzed, gingivitis was more predominant than periodontitis and males are more affected by both gingivitis and periodontitis.