Endodontic pharmacology constitutes a fundamental pillar in modern dental practice, integrating pharmacological principles with clinical endodontics to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The primary objectives include pain control, elimination of microbial infection, and facilitation of periapical healing. Advances in pharmacology, microbiology, and biomaterials have significantly improved treatment success; however, challenges such as antibiotic resistance, opioid misuse, and management of medically compromised patients demand a rational and evidence-based approach. This review comprehensively discusses pharmacological agents used in endodontics, their mechanisms, clinical applications, and recent trends, while emphasizing safe prescribing practices and patient-centered care.[1]

Laser dentistry has emerged as a significant advancement in modern dental practice, offering a minimally invasive alternative to conventional instruments such as scalpels and rotary devices. Its growing popularity is driven by improved precision, enhanced patient comfort, reduced postoperative complications, and expanding clinical applications across multiple dental specialties. This narrative review aims to explore the expanding role of lasers in dentistry, focusing on their fundamental principles, clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and future directions. The literature consistently highlights benefits such as reduced bleeding, decreased pain, faster healing, and improved patient acceptance. However, challenges including high cost, operator dependency, learning curve, and variability in clinical evidence continue to limit universal adoption. Overall, laser dentistry represents a transformative tool in contemporary dental care, with strong potential for further integration into routine practice as technology advances and evidence continues to grow.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising biologically active adjunct in regenerative endodontics due to its high concentration of autologous growth factors that promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and tissue healing. Used as a scaffold and bioactive reservoir, PRP supports pulp–dentin complex regeneration, particularly in immature necrotic teeth. This review highlights the biological basis, preparation methods, and diverse clinical applications of PRP in endodontics. Despite its advantages, limitations related to standardization and growth factor release persist, emphasizing the need for further long-term clinical studies to establish predictable protocols.

Dental luting cements are essential materials used for the retention of indirect restorations and prevention of microleakage. Over the years, these materials have evolved from conventional non-adhesive cements to advanced adhesive resin-based systems. This review discusses the classification, properties, composition, and clinical applications of various luting cements along with their advantages and limitations, emphasizing evidence-based selection for optimal clinical outcomes [1].

Background: Oral cancer remains a significant global health burden, often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to high morbidity and mortality. The quality of life and survival rates are significantly increased by early identification. Purpose: This systematic review is to assess the available data on artificial intelligence's potential to aid in the early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer. It focuses on evaluating the clinical applicability, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of AI-based tools in contrast to traditional diagnostic techniques. Study selection: A systematic literature search was performed using PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE Library with language restriction to English. The search was carried out incorporating the published literature till 2026 using the MeSH (medical subject heading) terms. A literature search was done out of 245 publications, related to search strategy, 57 full articles, which were related to the study, were acquired for further inspection. Out of the 49 articles, 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. Information related to study characteristics, types of AI models used, imaging techniques, and reported diagnostic performance was collected and reviewed. Results: The reviewed studies demonstrate that AI models, particularly convolutional neural networks, exhibit high diagnostic accuracy in evaluating clinical photographs, histopathology, radiographs, and autofluorescence images. Many reports showed sensitivity and specificity above 85%, signifying ability of AI to differentiate malignant and potentially malignant lesions from benign conditions. Conclusion and Relevance: Artificial Intelligence serves as a promising adjunct in the early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer, offering high diagnostic accuracy and improved support for clinical decision-making without replacing professional expertise. This review highlights the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance early and accurate detection of oral cancer, which can significantly improve patient survival and treatment outcomes. It also underscores the role of AI as a supportive clinical tool that can increase diagnostic consistency and aid clinicians in timely decision-making.

Prediabetes is an intermediate glycemic state defined by impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or mildly elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) and affects an estimated 374 million people worldwide. Growing evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between prediabetes and periodontitis in adults. Individuals with prediabetes face a significantly higher risk of periodontitis, with disease severity correlating with the advancing stages of clinical attachment loss. Inflamed periodontal tissues generate advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), upregulate matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and sustain a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu that exacerbates insulin resistance. Non-surgical periodontal therapy reduces active MMP-8 and HbA1c levels in prediabetic patients, potentially delaying the progression to overt type 2 diabetes. Dentists are ideally positioned to identify undiagnosed prediabetes through periodontal assessment and chairside glycemic screening, enabling timely interdisciplinary referrals.