Studies have shown that ear shape and size differ significantly among populations, making it a valuable trait for anthropological and forensic. Was a descriptive and cross-sectional study where 400 participants (219 males and181 females) aged 16-45 were used. Camera was used to take photographs with a 2cm graph sheet placed behind the ear horizontally and vertically to take reading from the photograph using a computer. The length of the right and left concha was 2.56 ± 0.31 cm and 1.8 ± 0.28 cm, respectively. The breadth of the right and left concha was 1.63 ± 0.32 cm and 2.45 ± 0.24 cm, respectively. The length of the right concha of males and females was 2.43 ± 0.22 cm and 2.6 ± 0.3 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference (p=0.045) in the length of the right concha between males and females. The length of the left concha of males and females was 2.48 ± 0.2 cm and 2.45 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference (p=0.039) in the length of the left concha between males and females. The breadth of the right concha of males and females was 2.38 ± 0.4 cm and 2.24 ± 0.32 cm, respectively, there was no significant difference in the breadth of the right concha between males and females. The breadth of the left concha of males and females was 1.75 ± 0.31 cm and 1.53 ± 0.3 cm, respectively, there was no significant difference (p=0.102) in the breadth of the left concha between males and females. The length of the right concha of subjects within the ages of 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 was 2.55 ± 0.34 cm, 2.63 ± 0.3 cm, and 2.84 ± 0.53 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference (p=0.03) in the length of the right concha among the age groups. The length of the left concha of subjects within the ages of 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 was 2.52 ± 0.31 cm, 2.62 ± 0.32 cm, and 2.46 ± 0.25 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference (p=0.04) in the length of the left concha among the age groups. The breadth of the right concha of subjects within the ages of 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 was 2.18 ± 0.47 cm, 2.25 ± 0.52 cm, and 1.94 ± 0.48 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference (p=0.263) in the breadth of the right concha among the age groups. The breadth of the left concha of subjects within the ages of 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 was 1.64 ± 0.32 cm, 1.65 ± 0.32 cm, and 1.57 ± 0.31 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference (p=0.832) in the breadth of the left concha among the age groups. Morphology of the helix on the studied population showed that 103 (25.8%) of the subjects had a concave marginal helix, 83 (20.8%) had a round helix, and 97 (24.1%) had a flat helix. The study provides a comprehensive morphometric and morphology profile of the concha and helix within this population. These findings could be useful in fields such as anthropology, forensics, and plastic surgery.

Tooth brushing is the most common mechanical measure amongst the recommended contemporary oral hygiene procedures engaged in preventive dental therapy. This is to determine the prevalence of toothbrushing habits and their efficacy in the removal of tooth deposits and resultant clinical periodontal health of the participants. This study, involved 250 first-time patients the Family Medicine Department at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos. Data collection was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to obtain the sociodemographic data and the participants' toothbrushing habits. The efficacy of toothbrushing was assessed by evaluating the Oral hygiene index (OHI) and the periodontal status of the participants. Appropriate descriptive statistics were carried out. Pearson’s chi-square analysis was done to determine the bivariate relationship of the covariates and their efficacy, while regression analysis was done to assess the multivariate relationship. Statistical significance was determined at p≤ 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 40.1 ± 18.4 years; the 20-29-year-olds had the highest percentage with good oral hygiene, 20(30.3%). Those who brush their teeth more than twice daily had the highest percentage with good oral hygiene,4(66.7%) (p=0.002) and healthy periodontium, 4(66.7%) (p=0.03). Toothbrushing duration was significantly associated with the oral hygiene status (p=0.001). Those who brush their teeth >120 seconds had the highest percentage with good oral hygiene, 44(65.7%), and healthy periodontium, 39(58.2%) (p=0.001). Toothbrushing duration was the only habit that was independently associated with the oral hygiene status (p=0.001). Toothbrushing duration, age groups and male sex were independently associated with the periodontal status (p<0.05). Oral health education and counselling have to be holistic, as many of the factors and habits operate jointly in the provision of healthy oral hygiene and periodontal health. Brushing for up to 3 minutes will be more beneficial for the overall health of individuals.

Grade III furcation involvement presents a significant periodontal challenge due to complete interradicular bone loss and limited regenerative potential. This case report described the management of a Grade III furcation defect using guided bone regeneration (GBR) and evaluated over a 9-month follow-up period. Following meticulous debridement, the defect was treated with a bone graft and barrier membrane to facilitate selective cell repopulation. Progressive improvement in probing depth, clinical attachment level, and radiographic bone fill was observed. The findings suggested that GBR may offer a predictable regenerative approach for selected Grade III furcation defects when proper case selection and surgical protocols were employed.

Posterior maxillary implant with sinus lifting is technique sensitive. Opting a precise procedure within the clinical constraints will eventually payoff. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse a specific procedure based on notable clinical parameters apt to an individual subject. A Systematic search on PubMed databases with the MeSH terms “sinus lift, bone gain, trans-crestal, lateral “was performed. Articles were critically reviewed by the examiners basing on inclusion criteria. Letters to the editor, case reports, commentaries, and articles published in languages other than English were excluded. A total of 969 articles presenting various studies conducted in maxillary posterior region with respect to sinus lift were evident. Out of which 21 prospective studies were considered relating to the procedural and background parameters included in the study. The parameters considered were the residual bone height, type of approach and the endo sinus bone gain following a prescribed interval. Due to heterogeneity across all the studies, meta-analysis was not performed. Within the limitations of the study, the results revealed that the selection of type of approach depends on the pre residual bone height. In order to obtain maximum bone, gain lateral approach is to be preferred to other two approaches.

Background: Gingival biotype (now often termed periodontal phenotype) describes gingival thickness, keratinized tissue width, and underlying bone morphology. This phenotype has significant influence on periodontal disease progression, clinical outcomes, aesthetic stability, and response to therapy. Aim: To assess gingival biotype distribution in a defined population and evaluate its association with periodontal parameters, specifically probing depth and gingival recession. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study involving 85 systemically healthy subjects aged 20–40 years was conducted. Gingival biotype was assessed by both probe transparency and transgingival probing methods. Probing depth and gingival recession were recorded for mandibular anterior teeth. SPSS software employed appropriate inferential statistics; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Thin gingival biotype was predominant, and there were statistically significant associations between biotype and both probing depth and gingival recession (p<0.05). Conclusion: Gingival biotype significantly influences periodontal parameters; therefore, routine assessment should be standard in periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning.