A pyogenic granuloma is an exophytic inflammatory lesion that can develop in the oral cavity. It is a benign proliferation of capillary blood vessels which causes it to bleed easily. It can often cause difficulty in mastication and trouble in performing oral hygiene procedures. The primary course of treatment is surgical excision combined with meticulous curettage of the surrounding tissues and the elimination of the causing factor. The present case is of a nine-year-old boy who complained of a recurred swelling in the lower front teeth region. After making clinical diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma, diode laser was employed for its excision. There was favorable healing within a week and no-recurrence was seen in one year follow-up. Diode lasers can be utilized for minimally invasive operations that cause less discomfort to patients, improved hemostasis, and no need for suture. This paper describes the successful use of diode laser for excising a recurred pyogenic granuloma with a detailed description of clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features.

Dental anxiety is a common problem, affecting up to 58% of people. It can range from mild discomfort to severe phobia, which can make it difficult or impossible to get necessary dental care [1]. Anxious, fearful, or uncooperative behavior in children can make it difficult for dentists to provide them with the care they need. This can lead to missed appointments, delayed treatment, and even dental neglect [2]. Hypnosis is a non- pharmaceutical treatment that can be effective in reducing dental anxiety. It works by helping people to relax and focus their attention, which can reduce the perception of pain and anxiety [1].

Premature loss is a serious problem that affects children oral health in Saudi Arabia. Different dental consequences could result after early loss of primary teeth if no proper treatment is applied. The aim of this review is to contextualise the previous studies about the parental knowledge and awareness towards the importance of primary teeth, causes and sequels of premature loss of these teeth and space maintenance appliances.