This study was conducted to assess the level of Patient’s Satisfaction towards "WASFATY" E-Prescriptions Service provided by community Pharmacies in Qassim Region. Method: The study used a cross-sectional approach; it was conducted between September and November 2022. Data was collected using a random sampling technique, and an online questionnaire was distributed among the study population. A Ten-point scale, ranging from 1 (Extremely Poor) to 10 (Excellent), was used to assess patient satisfaction. Results and Conclusion: A total of 294 beneficiaries participated in the study. The level of satisfaction towards "WASFATY" E-Prescriptions Service provided by community Pharmacies in Qassim Region is (2.92) out of 5, (58.4% SD (3.235)). Aspects related to the pharmacy was divided to two points, the barriers consist of six domains, not all medicines are available (24.4%), E- prescription program-WASFATY- at the pharmacy has broken (9.6%), Receiving alternative medicines (Brand change/company name different) (11.8%), The pharmacist asked to come at another time(5.4%), Unavailability of a participating pharmacy in the WASFATY close to home (24.4%), Not applicable (24.4%), and the advantages consist of six domains, Freedom of timing in receiving medication (20.7%), No waiting time needed (16.3%), Fast access to obtain the medication (11.7%), Ease of obtaining medication (9.9%), The number of pharmacies participating in the WASFATY program(20.7%), Availability of a pharmacy participating in the e-prescription near the house(20.7%).

The present case report describes the management of a 5-year-old male child with a palatal defect characterized by a type II cleft, which was managed with prosthetic rehabilitation using a single-piece obturator to reduce food regurgitation and improve speech.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. This became a global health crisis which caused millions of deaths worldwide. The first official case reported in India on 27th January 2020 in Thrissur, Kerala. The vaccines developed, approved and in function are Covaxin (BBV152), Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1nCoV-19), Covishield, PfizerBioNtech and Moderna. These vaccines are still under their respective phases of trials. Their adverse effects are under surveillance. In India these AEFIs are reported to Ministry of Health and Family welfare. The common systemic reactions observed were injection site pain, myalgia, fever, headache and shivering. The delayed and rare side effects reported include dyspnea, ischemia, thrombolysis, anaphylaxis, neuralgias, orofacial symptoms and death. The list of orofacial adverse effects based on the clinical trials include palatal petechiae, herpes zoster, angular cheilitis, mucositis, xerostomia, burning sensation in mouth, dysguesia, oral apthous ulcers, trigeminal neuralgia and facial nerve palsy. Reporting these oral lesions are under the onus of oral medicine experts and this article aims to provide a systematic review of the same.

Background: The complexity of the root canal system makes it difficult to completely disinfect is the leading cause for endodontic retreatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the traditionally used irrigation solution and has improved its efficacy with various adjuncts. The use of lasers in disinfecting the canal system has come into prominence in recent years. Aim: To assess the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and Er, Cr: YSGG laser against E faecalis biofilm. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted using a search strategy in PubMed and Google scholar for studies published between 1st January 2011 and 21st March 2022. Hand searching of relevant articles in Institutional library was also performed. Comparative in vitro studies in English language or articles in other languages which had a possibility of translation into English comparing sodium hypochlorite and Er, Cr: YSGG laser for irrigation against E faecalis biofilm were included in the review whereas, studies comparing efficacy against biofilm other than E faecalis, comparison with other laser activated intracanal irrigation, data reported through letter to editors, short communications and conference proceedings were excluded from the review. Results: A preliminary search yielded a total of 67 studies of which seven articles giving 11 estimates were included for qualitative synthesis. Data on colony forming units for both the groups (sodium hypochlorite and Er, Cr: YSGG laser) was extracted. Overall, four studies presented significant difference in the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and Er, Cr: YSGG laser whereas three studies presented with no difference among the two groups. Conclusion: Irrigation of root canal by sodium hypochlorite and Er, Cr: YSGG laser activation both prove to be effective in reducing the E faecalis colony forming units. However, it is difficult to provide a conclusive statement on the superiority of Er, Cr: YSGG laser activated irrigation over sodium hypochlorite solution as half of the studies gave contrasting results. Future studies with larger sample size on complex anatomical root structure are recommended.