Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign condition with uncertain etiology that affects the tongue and form filiform papillae giving it a patchy appearance. It is also called benign migratory glossitis. Various terminologies are used to describe this condition i.e.; benign migratory glossitis ((BMG), wandering rash, annulus migrans and erythema migrans. The clinical presentation of GT may different from asymptomatic to burning and painful condition. The aim of this review is to find the possible treatments/management for BMG to treat the pediatric patients with this disease. A search was carried out using different terms to find the related articles. Total 6 studies were used which described the possible managements of GT. there is no proper scientifically prove treatments is present, however application of tacrolimus and good oral hygiene can be recommended in symptomatic conditions. Asymptomatic condition needs no treatment while to reduce pain in symptomatic GT various managements can be prescribed.

Background and objectives: All surgical procedures produce some secondary effects such as pain, swelling, and some functional impairments like difficulty in chewing mouth opening, speaking, sleeping, etc. Controlling postoperative discomfort may improve the patient's quality of life and acceptance of the treatment. The goal of this randomized single-blind trial was to see if using platelet-rich fibrin during endodontic surgery had a positive impact on pain and other aspects of the patient's quality of life in the first week after surgery. Methods: Fifteen patients with periapical lesions were treated with endodontic surgical procedures (control group). In another 15 patients, platelet-rich fibrin was placed into the bone defect in the form of a clot, and a suture was applied in addition to the surgical procedure (test group). During the first week after surgery, all patients completed a questionnaire to assess their major symptoms and daily activities. The results of the two groups' questionnaires were statistically compared. Results: The test group reported less pain, symptoms (swelling and bad taste), and functional activities compared with the control group but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The adjunct of platelet-rich fibrin to the endodontic surgical procedure produced some beneficial effects on patients' quality of life during the early postoperative stage. There were insufficient data in the literature and more clinical trials with larger samples have to be carried out in the future to find out the outcome

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, accounting for nearly 75% of all newly diagnosed leukemias and 25% of all malignancies in childhood. The Philadelphia chromosome-positive Ph+ is a rare subtype of ALL, considered one of its poorest subgroups, and accounts for 3-5% of pediatric ALL. Dentists should acquire some background information about leukemia and its oral manifestations for better dental care. Commonly reported oral manifestations include regional lymphadenopathy, mucous membrane petechiae and ecchymoses, gingival bleeding, gingival hypertrophy, pallor, and non-specific ulcerations. In this case report, we aim to raise awareness among dentists and discuss the orthodontic management of a pediatric patient with Ph+ ALL. The patient was cleared by her treating physician, and treatment was done in the dental chair. Treatment included restorations of all carious teeth, reinforcement of oral hygiene, a series of removable appliances to correct the anterior cross-bite, and in-office bleaching.

The failure of root canal treatment occurs due to lack of standards or aspects of procedure were not followed accurately. Root canal treatment’s failure can be justified by response ratio of teeth and procedural errors that limits the intracanal endodontic infection, but not control it properly as preventive measure. Although there was very little evidence regarding the predictive factors for tooth preservation, effects of failure of root canal system and tooth survival was investigated. Very few studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of failure of root canal treatment on tooth survival. Therefore, we will aim to design a systematic review to evaluate clinical outcomes of failure of root canal treatment on tooth survival. We conducted a systematic review by following “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)” guidelines related to title which was “The effect of failure root canal treatment on the tooth” according to study aims. The study selection criteria (as including both inclusion and exclusion criteria) were designed for screening and selection of collected data in recent systematic review. For recent systematic review, we collected about 67 studies related to the effect of failure root canal treatment on the tooth through searching from above mentioned databases About 7 out of remaining papers were up to the standard and met the above-mentioned criteria. The above included 7 studies were relevant to study aims and evaluated the effects of failed toot treatments or root canal treatment (RCT) on tooth survival, tooth health and safety. All included studies coded the major effects of failure root canal treatment as the swelling, (Topçuoğlu & Topçuoğlu, 2017 & Ulin et al., 2020) prospective pain, (Ballal et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2010 & inflammation, (Verma et al., 2019) and microbial attack (Chen et al., 2017 & Jordan et al., 2014) intensity. However, all studies have evaluated different root canal treatment with different non-surgical treatments. Overall, the clinical effects of failure of root canal treatment are severe and should be overcome with retreatment.

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the association between practicing COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) with age, gender, educational status, and prevalence of signs & symptoms in patients visiting the outpatient department of University Dental Hospital (UDH). Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study with non-probability convenient sampling was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to determine the association between COVID-19 SOPs with signs & symptoms evaluated during the screening of the selected representative population. SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. Results: In public places, Group D (50-69 years) and female gender group displayed the highest percentage of conformity with combination-2 (FM+HS) of SOPs. Same was true for individuals with post graduate education. However, in work places Group A (20-29 years) exhibited maximum abidance with combination-2, a trend that was visible amongst females and post graduate students in a work/institutional setting. Similarly, in hospital settings Group A and female gender group observed combination-2 of SOPs to the greatest extent. The same trend was observed amongst higher than bachelor level education holders. The uneducated and middle-level educational group chose a single SOP of FM, while the rest of the educational groups utilized a mix of FM, HS, and SD. Males showed greater compliance with FM only. Conclusion: It was divulged that the population following single COVID-19 SOP was at a greater risk to experience COVID-19 symptoms in comparison to those who followed combination-1(HS+FM) and combination-2(HS+FM+SD) of SOPs.

The dentigerous cyst is reported to be one of the most common odontogenic cyst, of developmental origin, which is characterized by its association with an impacted tooth. Often assymptomatic, the dentigerous cyst presents as a well-limited unilocular radiolucent image surrounding the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth. Decompression is a conservative treatment option for dentigerous cysts, used especially in children, to preserve the cyst associated tooth, promote its eruption and to avoid lesions of the mandibular canal. This report presents a mandibular dentigerous cyst associated with the 35 impacted tooth in a 12-year-old girl. The dentigerous cyst was successfully treated by surgical decompression.

Odontogenic pain is very common among pregnant women. Pregnant patients and their fetuses are more at risk when they experience pain, which frequently comes along with periapical or pulp infections. Therefore, it is crucial to offer adequate pain relief and eradication of the infection for the pregnant woman while maintaining the safety of fetus inside the womb. Antibiotics are used in endodontic treatment; thus, the choice of appropriate and safe antibiotic for pregnant patients is very important. The current study will highlight the antibiotics that can be used in the treatment of dental-related infections during pregnancy.

In order to examine and contrast the effects of brushing with miswak and nano calcium carbonate toothpaste on the surface hardness of human teeth surfaces that had been demineralized with citric acid, a study was conducted. Surface hardness was assessed using a Knoop Hardness Tester after brushing for fourteen or twenty-eight minutes, and data were compared using Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. These findings demonstrated that the increase in surface hardness following the use of nano calcium carbonate toothpaste was greater than the rise following the use of miswak toothpaste (p 0.05).

Aim of this study: It was to determine the prevalence of Mandibular Incisive Canal (MIC) among a sample of Yemeni adults obtained from Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study which is conducted in Yemen to evaluate CBCT images of 180 subjects, 360 sides were evaluated respectively. The samples were 74 males (41.1%) and 106 females (58.9%). Result: Of the 180 subjects and 360 sides, 167 right (92.8%) and 171 left (95%) Sides were found to have MIC. Among these subjects, 166 (96.5%) had MIC bilaterally and 6 (3.5%) were unilaterally. According to gender, females were (98.1%) and males (91.9%), while among age groups ≤ 40 years (94.3%) and > 40 years (97.3%) were found to have MIC. The mean height of MIC was 1.77 ±.45mm and the mean width was 1.66 ±.44 mm. The mean length of MIC was 12.74 ±4.4 mm. The mean distance from MIC to the alveolar process was 16.77 ±4.06 mm and to the inferior border of the mandible was 8.61 ±1.9 mm. The mean distance from MIC to the labial bony surface was 3.12 ±1.09 mm and to the lingual bony surface was 4.35 ±1.5 mm. All the mean values of the linear measurements were slightly higher in males than that of females. There were statistically significant differences in D3, D5 & D6 between genders and in D3, D4 & D5 between ages (P < 0.05). But there was no statistically difference between sides. Conclusion: The MIC is present with a significant percentage of 95.6 % of Yemeni adults, which emphasizes the need to raise the awareness of MIC position and configuration among general practitioners and maxillofacial surgeons.