Background: This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel in chronic periodontitis pockets. The rationale behind using Statins is that this class of drugs has a potential anti-inflammatory effect on oral epithelial cells, blocking the intermediate metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. Statins also modulate bone formation by increasing the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 providing a new direction in the field of periodontal therapy. Statin administration decreases GCF levels of pro-inflammatory mediators which are responsible for much of the host tissue destruction seen in periodontitis. Metformin acts at molecular level via both AMPK (5’adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase) dependent & AMPK independent pathways. It shows effects on Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), differentiation of monocytes into macrophages as well as suppressing IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α from these macrophages which thereby improved the periodontal clinical parameters. There is no evidence of literature till now comparing the clinical efficacy of 1.2% Simvastatin gel with 1% Metformin gel in patients with chronic periodontitis. Method: The study population consisted of 48 sites from chronic periodontitis patients, divided into 3 groups which received sub gingival irrigation with Scaling and root planning alone, SRP with 1.2% Simvastatin gel and SRP with1% Metformin gel. Results: 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel improve the periodontal health with statistically significant improvement in the PPD, RAL, RGML values as compared to SRP alone. Conclusion: LDD systems using gel formulations are advantageous because of their sustainability, prolonged release, stability in the pockets, clinical effect of 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel improves the periodontal health compared to SRP alone.

Periodontitis is a risk factor for children who practice poor oral hygiene at home. This is due to the higher frequency of association between children’s and parents’ microbiota. It is likely due to the influence of both, hereditary and environmental factors. Although it is possible for periodontal disease to be passed down across generations, the underlying mechanism behind this is still unknown. According to clinical study, genetic predisposition accounts for 50% of an individual’s sensitivity to periodontal disease. Because clear information on the issue is sparse, the purpose of this study is to examine the known studies on the impact of a family history of periodontal disease on children. English-language articles, case reports, and case series published from 2013 to 2022, taken from the Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and MEDLINE databases (through PubMed) in accordance with PRISMA criteria were reviewed to research children with a history of periodontal disease. researchers for relevant materials. Twenty-nine children from various case studies were included in the present systematic study. In nine of the 29 studies, no family members had Hereditary gingival fibromatosis, a kind of periodontal disease while a family member had in the other 20 studies. One person had Zimmemrman-Laband Syndrome, two had severe periodontal disease, one had juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, and the other two had non-syndromic Hereditary gingival fibromatosis in four independent tests. In three case studies, children whose parents have periodontitis are likely to have periodontal disease. Children who have periodontal disease are more likely to develop the illness and should be checked and treated very once. More research is needed, especially well-designed studies that avoid the flaws mentioned in the publications included in this review.

The ultrasonic scalers are today becoming the most chosen form of dental polishing and cleaning. With the various researchers and lab tests done on them, it is steered clear of any side effects or invasive methodologies that might harm the patient in any manner. It works both on the soft and hard oral tissues have become the most widely used cleaning instruments among dental practitioners. Ultrasonic scalers use its vibrating power to eradicate different forms of dental plague and foreign components from the teeth. Through various on-field experiments and lab tests, it was made sure that these ultrasonic scalers work much better than any other primitive method for the same task. And that’s the major reason why it is so much in demand, ultrasonic scaling has become widely used for professional tooth cleaning. The aim of the systematic review is to assess the role of ultrasonic scaling on dental restoration. A computerized literature search was performed in following database including: Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Scopus databases from 1st January 2000 till January 2022. Studies determining the impact of ultrasonic scaling on dental restorations including randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies, and cross-sectional studies were included. After an initial search a total of 570 articles were identified. Then, 44 studies which were full-text articles were critically reviewed by independently for eligibility. Finally, 10 studies which met all the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The findings showed that out of all of the elements used, we can observe that the glass ionomers have had the chances of greater impacts. Further studies should assess the method of polishing for the removal of discolorations from ceramic restorations after ultrasonic scaling procedures and the possible side effects of polishing.

Class II division 2 malocclusion is an obvious category of Class II malocclusion with typical characteristics like retroclined maxillary incisors and severe deep over bite, caused by both skeletal and dentoalveolar factors. In fact, diagnosing class II division 2 maloclusion is quite simple; neverthless the treatment process and prognosis are complex and delicate. This case report illustrates a combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment of a 19-year-old female with permanent dentition, sagittal skeletal Class II pattern, hypodivergent facial type and both class II molar and canine relationship with class II division 2 incisor relationship. The treatment plan was divided into 3 consecutive phases: the dentoalveolar decompensation, which lasted 13 months, the surgery of mandibular advancement and the finishing stage. The treatment had successfully improved the smile arc, the masticatory functions, and the dental occlusion of the patient.