Odontomas are common occurrences in the oral cavity and can be classified as complex or compound. Compound odontomas are rare and present in the extra-osseous soft tissues. In this case, the odontoma led to the impaction of permanent teeth, due to which removal of the lesion was advised.

Background: The tongue is a muscular hydrostat that forms the floor of the mouth, perform functions like mastication, speech, taste and osculation. The tongue is relatively affected by both oral and systemic conditions in all ages and acts as a “mirror” for oral manifestations of systemic diseases. Prevalence of tongue lesions varies due to demographic and/or geographic differences of the sample studied, differences in the diagnostic criteria, methodological approaches, and sampling methods employed. Objective: To determine the socio-demographic distribution of different categories of tongue lesions and their oral presentations. Methods: Information were retrospectively retrieved from Maxillofacial Clinical and Surgical day cases registers. Data such as age, gender; duration of lesion and location of lesions on the tongue and category of lesion were also extracted using relevant descriptive and inference statistics All statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Ninety- two cases were recruited retrospectively from two tertiary centers with a male preponderance of 53.3% (n= 49). The mean age of presentation of tongue lesions in the study is 41.1years  22.4 years, dorsum of the tongue presented the highest number of occurrences of tongue lesions (52.2%). The most common lesions on the dorsum of the tongue in this study are squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), benign migratory glossitis and irritation fibroma. The mean age of presentation for benign lesion is 23years, inflammatory/reactive lesion 44.9years and malignant lesions 51.6years respectively. The mean duration of tongue lesions in our study is 9.1 months (median = 6 months), mean duration of presentation of benign lesions (14.8 months) was longer than that of malignant lesions (6.4 months). The association between duration and category of lesion is statistically significant at p < 0.0001. Conclusion: Delayed clinical presentation by patients and patronage of unorthodox traditional doctors contribute to the overtly increased incidence of oral malignancies in Sub-Saharan Africa; this coupled with improper or lack of accurate record keeping may have also culminated in this increased prevalence of oral malignancies. All tongue surfaces can be affected, gender predilections for any of the surfaces is yet to be affirmed by any study however aging is related to malignant occurrences.

Background: Conscious sedation is a guidance technique used to control the behavior of anxious or uncooperative patients. A variety of drugs are used in the sedation process, including inhalation agents such as orally or parenterally midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Midazolam is considered a member of the benzodiazepine family with the highest lipid-soluble properties. Objective: This article aims to review the use of Midazolam for conscious sedation in dental practice and illustrate each route of administration. Materials and Methods: This study involved a review of published articles related to the use of Midazolam for conscious sedation in dental practice. The PubMed search engine and Cochrane electronic databases were used to collect the most relevant and recent information on midazolam in dental practice. Results: By applying this method, 10 articles were gathered and used in the current review. Conclusion: Midazolam has shown its ability to be a safe and effective drug in conscious sedation in dental practice. However, some points must be considered before administering midazolam, including patient age and weight, the dose required, drug-drug interaction, special care patients, route of administration, and level of anxiety.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a major problem worldwide that can be categorized into two main disorders, Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). IBD development is related to a multifactorial combination including environmental factors, intestinal microflora, pathological immune responses, and genetic influences [1, 2, 6] IBD can affect the complete GI tract, starting from the mouth to the anus [3]. Dental considerations regarding IBD oral manifestations and complications must be acknowledged by dentists to reduce morbidity, and mortality, and improve overall patient lifestyle. In this review, we will provide an overview of dental considerations and oral manifestations related to Inflammatory bowel disease.

There have been a growing number of patients demanding root canal treatment to save their teeth. This study aimed to determine the pattern of demand and treatment need for root canal treatments at a tertiary healthcare facility in Lagos, Nigeria and update the dental literature with the demand and pattern of root canal treatments as seen in Nigeria. This was a retrospective study. Data from 8239 patients treated at restorative dental clinic, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital from 2011 through 2014, were reviewed. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 26. Association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Nine hundred (900) patients age 18 to 79 years (Mean ± SD 38.95±9.4) of which 542 (60.2%) were male and 358 (39.8%) female received root canal treatment involving 1256 teeth. More male patients demanded for root canal treatment but treatment need was greater in female patients and increased with age. Demand for root canal treatment was more prevalent in those < 40 years of age. Central incisors were the most frequently root filled teeth in the maxilla and this was statistically significant (p=0.002). In the mandible, first molars were the most frequently root filled teeth however, this was not statistically significant (p=0.093). Findings in this study corroborate those of several other studies in Nigeria. However, unlike other Nigerian studies, this study noted a greater need for root canal treatment in female patients compared to male patients.