Orthodontic treatment duration is one of the most challenging factors faced by all orthodontists till date but thanks to the surge in science and technology there are many ways to step up the treatment thereby reducing the overall treatment time. This review article will provide an insight on the various methods of accelerating the orthodontic treatment time duration.

Aim- To compare and correlate between antegonial notch depth, symphysis morphology and ramus morphology in different skeletal patterns in Class I, Class II and Class III relationships. Methodology: 72 lateral cephalogram and orthopantomograms were be divided into three groups according to the skeletal parameters. Each group is subdivided into three groups based on Y axis: average skeletal pattern Horizontal skeletal pattern and Vertical skeletal pattern. Cephalometric linear and angular measurement and antegonial measurement using OPG were taken. Results and conclusion: The antegonial notch depth, symphysis height, symphyseal ratio was found to be highest in Class III Vertical skeletal pattern. Symphysis depth, ramal width was found to be highest in Class II Horizontal skeletal pattern. The symphysial angle was highest in Class I Horizontal skeletal pattern. The ramal height was more in Class III Horizontal skeletal pattern and least in Class II Vertical skeletal pattern. Antegonial notch shows strong positive corelation with symphysis height in Class III Horizontal skeletal pattern, and ramal height in Class III Average skeletal pattern. Symphysis height shows strong positive correlation with ramal height in Class I Average skeletal pattern, Class II Horizontal skeletal pattern, Class II Average skeletal pattern and Class III Horizontal skeletal pattern. Symphysis depth shows strong positive correlation with ramal height in Class II Horizontal skeletal pattern and Class III Average skeletal pattern, symphysis angle shows strong positive correlation with Class III Horizontal skeletal pattern.

Background: Refugees and internally displaced children are often fed food with a low nutritional value or high in carbohydrates, predisposing them to a relatively higher risk of dental caries, and periodontal diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status among a group of refugees and displaced children. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among (172), 3–13-year-old children (59 boys (34.3%) and 113 girls (65.7%) from in Almoshama camp for displaced and refugees coming from different areas of Sudan and outside Sudan. The participants were selected by non-probability sampling technique based on convenient accessibility and availability of children from friendly child spaces in the camp. Dental caries was assessed by dmft for primary teeth and DMFT for permanent teeth, while periodontal status was assessed by community periodontal index (CPI). Comparison between different non-parametric data was done by Chi-Squire test and parametric data by student T-test, with the level of statistical significance difference set at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of dental caries among the participants was 33.3%. The mean ±SD dmft score was 2.28±1.77 and the DMFT score was 1.63±1.51. A statistically significant difference in mean DMFT between different age groups (P=0.004) and between boys and girls (P-0.03). While the mean CPI was 0.73. Almost half of the participants had periodontal diseases (54.1%) of whom 37.2% had gingival problems, 14.5% calculus, and only 2.32% have pocket problems. Conclusions: High prevalence of untreated dental caries and periodontal diseases among Refugees and internally displaced children living in Almoshama camp in West Kordofan, Sudan. Emphasis on motivation in oral health promotion campaigns and provision of primary health care services among those vulnerable groups is paramount.