Majority of the population has become obsessed to find a magical lantern for an enduring youth and health and searching for ways to restore it using Botox and Fillers. Their perspective view directed toward the cosmetic aspect of dermal fillers and Botox with ignorance to the primary purpose of inventing such materials which is the therapeutic properties. A qualitative review of the literature is conducted to addresses a gap in the literature regarding both Botox and Fillers to record their types, mechanism of action, uses, Complication and side effects.

The anatomical relationship between the floor of maxillary sinus and maxillary posterior teeth always possess a challenge in dentistry, especially during the endodontic and extraction procedures. Maxillary sinus often pneumatize between the molar roots and results in proximity between them. Odontogenic sinusitis incidence is of 10% to 12% of a well-recognized phenomena. The most common cause is foreign body displacement into the sinus. The most common foreign body in the maxillary sinus is an extracted maxillary tooth followed by a displaced root. This article reports a case in which a root was displaced to the most medial superior margin of the maxillary sinus. The palatal root was displaced during extraction of the left maxillary second molar and was retrieved after three days of the incidence.

The use of 3D printing has seen a rapid increase in dentistry. This technology offers a lucrative advantage of combining precision and customization with reduced labor and time consumption. It aids the creation of a digital workflow wherein every step is performed virtually without a need for multiple laboratory procedures. Reduced material consumption in additive manufacturing when compared to the traditional milling techniques also makes it a convenient option. However, the properties of rapid prototype materials are dependent on multiple factors. Research on their mechanical properties has been done and factors affecting the same have been determined to an extent. The many aspects involved in the printing of dental materials make it necessary to exhaustively research the influence of each on different materials and techniques of manufacturing. This review aims to describe the present applications of additive manufacturing technologies in fabricating dental restorations. Studies that have explored the accuracy and properties of the materials used at each step, from creating tooth dies to a fixed prosthesis, and compared them with presently used methods have been discussed. The factors that influence the fabrication accuracy and mechanical properties have also been described. Though further studies on the material, technical and biological influences are needed, the present research seems promising. This technology can change the techniques used in restorative dentistry for the benefit of both the patients and dentists alike.

The aim of this study is to an audit of the types, patterns, and indications for major oral and maxillofacial surgeries carried out at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. The findings from this study should provide valuable information to develop a future strategic plan, and improve clinical care. A retrospective review of the hospital records (including theatre logbooks, theatre lists, case notes and admission notebooks in the wards) of all patients operated upon within the study period was done. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Two hundred and forty-two (242) patients who had two hundred and eighty-eight (288) maxillofacial surgeries in the period under review formed the population for this study. There were 180 (62.5%) males and 108 (37.5%) females giving a male to female ratio of 1.6: 1. The ages observed ranged from 3 months to 85 years (median age of 23 years and mean age of 22.36 ± 20.09). Congenital/developmental conditions formed the largest indication for surgery, accounting for 113 (39.4%) of the cases seen. The most commonly performed surgery was cleft lip/palate repair (36.1%, n = 104), followed by mandibulectomy and reconstruction using plating systems (16.7%, n = 48). Major Oral and Maxillofacial surgeries are commonly carried out in our centre. The quality of service delivery can be improved upon through adequate manpower training in microvascular surgeries to help in better patient rehabilitation and provision of needed facilities.

Advances in material science and technologies has helped dentist in proving the best possible treatment options to the patients. Due to its superior Physical and mechanical properties, Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been tried in various aspects of dentistry. The use of PEEK in prosthodontics ranges from crowns, removable partial dentures, fixed partial denture and maxillofacial prosthesis and implant superstructures. The aim of this study is to review and evaluate the use of PEEK polymer in the field of Prosthodontics. The indexed English literature published was systematically searched for studies on PEEK and its use in prosthodontics. Full text of all the articles were studied to select final articles for this review. Suitable mechanical properties and biocompatibility is making PEEK a favorable material for use in prosthodontics. Further long-term In vivo studies are required, for this material to replace other conventional materials, used in prosthodontics.

The emerging global resistance to anti-tubercular drugs, and the underdiagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis lesions, warrants an increased awareness of the involvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at rare sites of occurrence, such as the oral cavity. The involvement of the tongue, the most common site of oral tuberculosis, can either be primary or secondary. We report a rare presentation of oral tuberculosis in a 45-year-old male who presented with ulcerative lesions on the tongue and epiglottis. Histopathological examination showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with positive Ziehl Neelsen stain. The patient responded well to anti-tubercular treatment. Tuberculosis should be kept as a differential diagnosis of oral cavity lesions so that prompt diagnosis can be offered, leading to better patient management. Efficient treatment in such cases is beneficial for the community, as the patient is a potential source of transmission of tuberculosis.

Introduction: After the elimination of endodontic infection the teeth becomes fragile, brittle and can easily fracture when compared to the natural teeth. The removed teeth and the dental pulp need to be replaced after the endodontic therapy to prevent inconvenience to the patient in chewing, biting and speaking. Aim: The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of dental doctors of Jazan about the prosthetic restorations of endodontically treated teeth. Methodology: A pre-designed questionnaire was circulated online using Google form to measure the knowledge and awareness of the dental doctors about the prosthetic restorations of the endodontically treated teeth. The results of the survey of elucidating the awareness of dental doctors in Jazan was recorded. The result of this survey was analysed using the SPSS software. Results: The above data analysis of this survey to evaluate and access the knowledge and awareness of the dental doctors of Jazan, in Saudi Arabia showed good results. Most of the dental doctors participating in this survey from Jazan are highly experienced and have excellent comprehension about the prosthetic restorations after the endodontic treatment.

Insertion or impaction of foreign objects into the tooth pulp chamber or canals by children are common findings, as they often have habit of inserting foreign objects in the oral cavity, but insertion of tooth pick is a rare finding. These foreign objects can become a potent source of infection. Retrieval of these objects from teeth is a challenging aspect of pediatric dentistry. Radiopaque foreign objects can be diagnosed in routine radiographs, which play important role in analysis of the size, location and type of foreign object, however this does not apply for radiolucent objects. The present paper describes a rare case of insertion of tooth pick into the deciduous mandibular molar tooth.

In human dentition, permanent tooth impaction is relatively common. But, the first permanent molars are rarely impacted with a reported prevalence of 0.02% for permanent maxillary first molar and fewer than 0.01% for the permanent mandibular first molars. The etiology for the failure of eruption can be variable. It is usually an symptomless pathology. Diagnosis in early stage and treatment of impacted permanent molars contributes to most favourable outcomes and good long-standing prognosis by lessening of complication. Here we are presenting a case reports of 2 cases of permanent first impacted molars.

Supernumerary teeth are any odontogenic structure that is found in the dental arch in excess number. They are classified based on quantity, location, morphology, and orientation. There is no internationally used numbering system for supernumerary teeth. In this article, the numbering system of the Oklahoma Health Care Authority will be used. 27-year-old medically fit Sudanese female presented to the emergency clinics in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University. After extraoral and intraoral examinations, two distomolars were discovered distal to #18 and #28. The prevalence of distomolars is rare. Most of the time they are an incidental finding. The etiology of supernumerary teeth remains unclear. The treatment options for supernumerary teeth vary greatly.

Dental neglect can be defined as attitude and behavior towards oral health which can have detrimental effects on individual’s oral health, e.g. negligence in maintaining at home dental care and dental visits for professional dental care. Oral health is a part of general health care system and negligence in oral hygiene can affect the quality of life too. The aim of the study was to assess dental negligence and oral hygiene status among undergraduates’ students. Study consisted of 20 questionnaire including names and year of study using dental neglect scale and were circulated among undergraduates’ students. Total 156 students responded to the questionnaire. Out of 156 student’s perception of 83.3% students has changed towards oral hygiene practices after entering into BDS program. Dental neglect is easier to use in practice and it shows that degree of dental neglect is found among dental undergraduate students and variation also exists among students of all four years.

People’s perception, awareness and knowledge about their occlusion and esthetics has great impact on their attitude towards orthodontic treatment. In order to assess and compare the knowledge and self-awareness of orthodontic problem and treatment need between dental student and local population a survey was conducted As Patient’s self-perception is of significant importance in successful orthodontic treatment planning. The participants included 110 adults including local population and dental students of Punjab and almost most of them were 20-30 years old. The participants’ opinion regarding self-awareness and orthodontic treatment need was recorded on a specifically designed questionnaire. 61.7% people were aware of their occlusion and most of them were dental studens.38.3% people are afraid of orthodontic treatment due to lack of knowledge and awareness. Dental students had awareness and good knowledge, thus positive attitude towards orthodontics. Local population had little or no knowledge about orthodontic treatment need and most lay people had negative attitude towards orthodontic treatment.

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 on quality of life of dentists at health care centers in Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: This study was conducted for two weeks. Sample was selected randomly and included 300 dentists from different specialty. Questionnaire about demographic data and effect of Covid-19 on quality of life were used. Results: A total of 204 (68%) of dentists who replied was work in government sector. Their average age ranges from 20 years to 50 years and most of the dentist who answered the questionnaire (45%) work for more than 10 years of service. The second part about the effect of the virus on the quality of life most of them (93%) they feel their safety is in risk during working hours. 87% of the participant dentist they had a symptom of depression and anxiety and (70%) of them they worried about being a source of infection for their family. For the dentists who work in private sector (40%) of them afraid from lose their job and facing a financial problem. Conclusion: Regarding to the result we found that COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on quality of life for the dentist in both sector the government and private.

Dental restoration is nowadays becoming key dental treatments, especially use of the composites and replacement of missing teeth using dental fixed partial denture. These can provide temporary relief to the patient, but it had long term side-effects. This article presents case reports of defective composite restoration interdentally, defective cantilever bridge, defective amalgam restoration.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in mandibular and maxillary third molars in cases treated with and without extraction. Materials and methods: Pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) radiographs were taken of 46 subjects who had been treated without extraction and 44 subjects who had been treated with extraction of premolars. Results: The increase of eruption space and the improvement of the angular position of third molars were statistically significant between extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment, whereas, there was no statistically significant difference between first premolar extraction and second premolar extraction. Conclusion: Third molar impaction for orthodontic patients can be predicted before treatment according to the size of retro molar space and the type of treatment with or without premolar extraction.

Introduction: Endodontic management of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulp, with or without apical pathosis, positions numerous experimental trials. There is a risk of inducing a dentin wall fracture or extending gutta-percha into the periapical tissue during compaction of the root canal filling. Although the use of calcium hydroxide apexification techniques or the placement of mineral trioxide aggregate as an apical stop has the potential to minimize apical extrusion of filling material, they do little in adding strength to the dentin walls. It is a well-established fact that in reimplanted avulsed immature teeth, revascularization of the pulp followed by continued root development can occur under ideal circumstances. At one time it was believed that revascularization was not possible in immature permanent teeth that were infected. Methods: An in-depth search of the literature was undertaken to review articles concerned with regenerative procedures and revascularization and to glean recommendations regarding the indications, preferred medications, and methods of treatment currently practiced. Results: Disinfection of the root canal and stimulation of residual stem cells can induce formation of new hard tissue on the existing dentin wall and continued root development. Conclusions: Although the outcome of revascularization procedures remains somewhat unpredictable and the clinical management of these teeth is challenging, when successful, they are an improvement to treatment protocols that leave the roots short and the walls of the root canal thin and prone to fracture. They also leave the door open to other methods of treatment in addition to extraction, when they fail to achieve the desired result.

This study focuses on the Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), To date, there has not been any documented evidence about dental health care in the region. The study aimed to provide an overview of dental healthcare services in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Mainly secondary data were used in this study. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, One Search Website, and Google Scholar. Most recent publicly available data were included that describe the current practice. The search was conducted between June 2020 and Jan 2021 for published documents including peer-reviewed manuscripts and published government documents on public oral health system in Jazan. We also obtained unpublished documents form the regional health directorate. There were 103 (59.2%) PHCs and 21 (12.1%) hospitals which had a dental component in Jazan region. Sabya City has the higher number of PHCs compared to other cities. Some cities do not have a dental service provided by PHCs, such as Al Harth and Atwal, which have four and five PHCs respectively but do not have dental clinics. The distribution of providers and services, the low number of dental hygienists and assistants, and the type of facility (PHCs or hospitals) are some of the issues in encountering dental service in the Jazan region. Further primary research focusing on different cities or geographical areas in the Jazan region is needed to validate these findings.