Supernumerary teeth (SN) teeth are a relatively rare phenomenon that can occur anywhere in the dental arch. This report represents a case of a young female patient that is presented with one SN tooth specifically mesiodens, which prevented her upper central incisor from erupting in its normal sequence. This patient also reported to have a congenital complete duplex of left kidney that has much smaller upper pole and a normal size lower one, with a sperate ureter of each, and growth hormone deficiency. This is a non-syndromic patient. In the literature review there has been some linking between growth hormone deficiency and SN teeth. However, up to this research in the literature, no case was found linking between complete duplex of kidney and ureter, and SN tooth. This report also viewing radiographic CBCT regarding mesiodens, in three views (coronal, sagittal, and axial).

Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complications of head and neck radiotherapy and is considered as a public health problem worldwide. It is most commonly characterized by the exposure of the affected bone, in addition to oral ulcers, drainage of purulent secretion and oral fistulas. Treatment of osteoradionecrosis is a challenging problem. The conservative approach to management consists of antibiotics, transoral debridement or sequestrectomy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. For advanced stages, patients are treated aggressively by surgical resection of all diseased hard and soft tissue with or without immediate reconstruction. The surgical removal of all or part of the maxilla, leaving the patient with a defect that compromises the integrity and function of the oral cavity. The postoperative restoration of esthetics, deglutition, and speech shortens recovery time in the hospital and expedites the patient's return to the community as a functioning member. The surgical obturator is the proven treatment option in such situations. This article describes a simple technique to fabricate an immediate obturator after sequestrectomy. The obturator fabricated restores patient's manducatory functions and thus may have a positive effect on the patients' psychology.

This report presents a rare case of multiple Cl.VI carious lesions developed in a young female patient due to full-time wearing of an Essix retainer combined with poor oral hygiene and high acidic diet. The demineralization during orthodontic retention and the hygiene instructions, including the retainer cleaning protocol, are highlighted.

Background: The aim of present study is to determine the volume of the mandibular condyle, coronoid process and mandibular body and it’s correlation with age and sex in malocclusions with the help of 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and Methods: 3D CBCT (Care stream 9000cc, USA) scans of 150 patients who had Class I, II, and III malocclusions were analyzed with Dolphin Imaging Software V11.9 to measure the volumes of mandibular condyle, coronoid process and mandibular body. Results: In the age group 14.1-18 years, the volume of condyle, coronoid process and body of mandible was noted to be highest. Among the malocclusions studied, the volumes of all 3 variables were maximum in Class I malocclusion. Mean coronoid volume and volume of body of mandible was noted to be higher in males than females while mean condylar volume was higher in females. Conclusions: 3D CBCT morphometry shows volumetric variations in mandible are related to age and type of occlusion. Mandible bone volume also shows sexual dimorphism.

Despite the abundance of scientific textbooks, references, and educational websites, students in the 1st year of the bachelor of dental surgery (BDS) program face some academic challenges. Distress, learning difficulties, and study discontinuation are all possible outcomes of these challenges. The present study was motivated by the scarcity of literature pertaining to the obstacles faced by the 1st year dental students in learning and understanding dental materials courses, and other difficulties, which students encounter during their foundation year, BDS 1st year. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed among undergraduate students at different levels of study year of the BDS program. Six different year study levels were chosen for the current study; the total number of participants was 111. Statistical analysis (chi-square test) was performed on the data collected, using SPSS version 20.0 software. Results showed complete agreement on most areas of difficulties the students encountered during their BDS 1st year study. The majority of the examined students were of the opinion that the difficulties they encountered in their BDS 1st year were not due to one certain subject, such as dental materials courses, but rather because of a collection of overlapping factors that contributed to study difficulties, thereby amplifying their impact on the study and comprehension of dental materials courses. In addition, the examined students showed more interest and eagerness towards acquiring more knowledge of dental materials, particularly towards dental materials II (clinical dental materials). Students consider dental materials courses as a basic introduction to the field of dentistry; besides, a thorough understanding of its various uses is a key factor in excellence in the dentistry field.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of awareness among dental interns regarding endodontic flare ups and its management. This cross-sectional survey was targeting the 2017-2018 patch of dental interns in all the dental colleges around the western region of Saudi Arabia which include: Ibn Sina national college, King Abdulaziz University, Al-Farabi and Al-Bateerjee colleges in Jeddah, also Um Al Qura University in Makah and Taibah University in Al Madina. Methods: A total of 294 participants in this cross-sectional survey divided into two parts 16 closed-ended questions in which first part of the questionnaire assessed the demographic profile of the Interns such as age, gender, and the Institution they belong to. The second part consisted of 12 multiple-choice questions to investigate their knowledge and awareness about endodontic flare up and its management. The study targeting the 2017-2018 patch of dental interns in all the dental colleges around the western region of Saudi Arabia. Relationship between these factors and are‐ups was examined. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: majority of the students having the higher incidence of flare-ups with Necrotic pulp [52%] while [41.5%] student participants, the best choice of treatment for cases of severe inter-appointment pain is re-instrumentation, occlusal reduction, antibiotics, and analgesics. Conclusions: Flare-ups develops due to many factors, which are directly interdependent and interrelated. Incorrectly measured working length of the root canal is a mechanical factor causing the damaging effect of the chemical and microbial factors to the apical periodontal tissue. Development of the flare-up after the endodontic treatment procedures is also influenced by demographics, general health, clinical symptoms, condition of the pulp and apical periodontal tissue, tooth being treated, number of visits during the treatment and intracanal medicaments. Women compared to men are more prone to are‐ups.

Aims and objectives of the study: The objective of this in vitro study aimed at evaluation with comparision of extrusion of the debris apically using Reciproc, WaveOne with OneShape, Protaper Next rotary file systems. Materials and Method: Sixty mandibular premolars with single root and singe canal were selected. The samples were distributed along four similar groups based on the length between cementoenamel junction and the apex. To collect the extruded debris glass vials with rubber stoppers were used. Pre weighed glass vials were used to collect the debris extruded and the irrigant. Preparation sequences were divided as follows: Group 1: A R25 Reciproc. Group 2: The WaveOne Primary file. Group 3: A classic OneShape file. Group 4: Multiple files ProTaper Next system. Once the instrumentation was completed with respective groups and files, tooth was remoed from the glass vial and root surface was rinsed with 1ml of bidistilled water into the receptor tube.within to make sure the debris accumulated is in the glass vial completely. Preweighed glass vials containing the debris was weighed in an electronic balance with an accuracy of +/- 0.00001g. Results: Readings, data collected, analyzed, computerized with the help of SPSS (STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES software), 20.0 VERSION. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test statistical analysis was done. All instruments resulted in extrusion of debris and irrigants, but highest average extrusion of debris was eident in Reciprocting file systems.Conclusion: Among the four different file systems used, Reciproc file system showed the maximum apical extrusion.