There are numerous classifications on diabetic foot available today but only few are used. Each classification has its own merit and demerits. This article classifies the diabetic foot classifications to make our understanding simple, easy and much clearer. This is in fact the first novel attempt by author to classify the classifications itself. The diabetic foot classifications are classified based on some features of the classification. This new classification for diabetic foot classification has made a pavement for Amit Jain’s classification for diabetic foot classification to be considered a universal classification as it is now a classification supreme.

Salt consumption is essential but has a negative health impact when taken in excess. Therefore, this research is aimed at investigating the possible role of Moringa oleifera leave extract on lipids and antioxidant enzymes following salt loading. 24 male albino Wistar rats weighing between 180-240g were used for this study and were divided into four groups (n=6). They were given either normal rat feed and drinking water, high salt diet (8% NaCl diet) + 1% NaCl drinking water and/or Moringa oleifera extract (600 mg/kg b.w., orally, once daily). After six weeks of feeding, the animals were sacrificed and blood collected through standard method for analysis. The salt fed untreated rats had significant (p<0.05) increase in Triglycerides (TG) level, Atherogenic indices (P<0.05), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.01). These parameters were significantly (p<0.05) reduced to near control values following extract treatment. Salt fed untreated rats were also observed to have significant (P<0.05) reduction in High density lipoprotein (HDL), Catalase (CAT) (P<0.01), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P<0.05), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Albumin (ALB) (P<0.01), but the reverse was the case following extract treatment. In conclusion, consumption of Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorates the adverse effects of salt loading on the atherogenic, antioxidants and other indices thereby preventing possible outcome of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and other related ailment. It is therefore being recommended for further research and possible use in the manufacture of drugs that are necessary in management of cardiac and other related ailments.

Bronchogenic cysts (BC) are rare tumours in the mediastinum, but well known to thoracic surgeon. We report a case of symptomatic mediastinal bronchogenic cyst (MBC) in adult who operated on by full thoracoscopy, and we discuss a surgical technic.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is commonly associated with other injuries such as cervical spine injury (CSI) which critically affects TBI patients, interfering with airway management techniques, selection of proper radiological studies, and the management approach of both the TBI and the CSI. This study aims to assess the prevalence, etiology, and characteristics of CSI in patients who sustained TBI. Also, we will investigate other associated injuries in patients experienced combined TBI and CSI, and their effects on patients’ mortality and course of hospitalization. The study was conducted in the health information management (HIM) department. The charts of all adult (>14 years old) patients with TBI presenting to the emergency department (ED) at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah or referred from other hospital over a four years period (January 2013 to December 2016) were reviewed. 220 patients with traumatic brain injury were included in the study. Most of the patients were young adult (median age 29 years). In 185 of the 220 patients (84.1%), a diagnosis of cervical spine injury was ruled out on the basis of the clinical presentation and computed tomography scans reports. in the remaining 35 patients, cervical spine injury was confirmed with the prevalence of 15.9%. The rate of cervical spine injury was highest among young adult (men greater than women) who sustained motor vehicle related injury, and usually associated with thoracic, thoracolumbar trauma and abdominal injury that only explained by mechanism of injury.

One of the most serious complications of DM is cardiovascular disease, particularly among asymptomatic patients or those without glycemic control. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (Heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke and deep vein thrombosis) among Saudi Diabetic patients. In this study, bout 1406 diabetic patients’ records were retrieved from different hospitals and primary health centers in Hail region, Northern Saudi Arabia. The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Saudi diabetic patients was 10.2%. The highest prevalence rate of cardiovascular conditions was pointed out to heart attack followed by stroke, CHF and DVT representing 4%, 3%, 1.6%, and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of CVD are relatively higher among Saudi diabetic population. There is urgent need for implementing specific strategies to decrease the prevalence of CVD among Saudi diabetic patients.