Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Senegal and, despite effective treatment, it frequently leaves respiratory sequelae that cause chronic morbidity. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae. Methodology: Retrospective and descriptive study including patients with post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae followed at the Saint-Jean de-Dieu Hospital in Thiès (Senegal). Results: Over a period of 63 months, we identified 133 cases of post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae. There was a male predominance (67%) with a sex ratio of 2 and an average age of 51 years. In 83% of cases, a single episode of tuberculosis was sufficient to cause respiratory sequelae. Radiological abnormalities were mainly located in the lung parenchyma (61%) and were bilateral in 86% of cases. The main types of abnormalities were fibrous condensation blocks (15.03%), followed by emphysema (14.2%), pulmonary calcifications (13.53%) and fibrosis (9.02%). The complications found mainly included aspergillosis graft (32%) and chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPC) (32%). Conclusion: Post tuberculosis pulmonary sequelae remain common in vulnerable patients, with persistent symptoms and varied lesions. The lack of targeted functional assessment calls for more comprehensive prospective studies.

Congenital hypothyroidism is the first endocrinopathy found in newborns. it is a pathology subject to systematic screening in most countries around the world. Pendrid syndrome is a genetic cause of HC with thyroid gland in situ. It is a genetic condition in “SLC26A4 gene” (OMIM 605646) encoding Pendrin protein, and resulting in neurosensory deafness with congenital hypothyroidism and goiter. The presence of the 2 major symptoms; deafness and CH, consolidates the diagnosis while genetic sequencing is an element of confirmation. We report the observation of an infant who is a candidate for cochlear implant surgery and who was referred to us for hypothyroidism, in whom there is a history of severe pneumonia on bronchiectasis, which is a manifestation directly related to pendrid syndrome. An adequate thyroid biological and morphological evaluation, as well as screening for other malformations that may be associated with pendrid syndrome are extremely important in a holistic management of this genetic disease. To also recall the vital role that systematic screening for HC can play in preventing neurological disability among children, a procedure that is still not systematic in our country and that we fight to implement it.

Background: Albuminuria and poor glycemic control drive kidney and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin lowers glucose and reduces albuminuria through renal mechanisms. Evidence from trials is strong, yet data from routine care in Dubai are limited. Objective: To evaluate changes in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and HbA1c over 24 months after dapagliflozin initiation in Dubai primary care. Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal study using the Salama electronic record across Dubai Health Authority clinics. Adults with type 2 diabetes who started dapagliflozin contributed measurements at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome was change in UACR. Secondary outcome was change in HbA1c. Paired comparisons used baseline vs each follow-up. Longitudinal trends used repeated measures analyses. Prespecified subgroups assessed UACR by age group and HbA1c by sex, age and metformin use. Results: Two hundred adults were included. Mean age was 61 years, range 21 to 87 years. UACR fell from 123 mg/g at baseline to 52 mg/g at 24 months, a 57.7% reduction, p<0.001. The decline appeared by 3 months and progressed at each visit. The 24-month UACR was 52 mg/g with 95% CI 50 to 54. HbA1c decreased from 8.2% to 6.8% at 24 months, p<0.001, with 24-month HbA1c 95% CI 6.7 to 6.9. By age subgroup, UACR reduction at 12 months ranged from 25% in patients 40–50 years to 50% in those 70–80 years and at 24 months ranged from 35% to 70%. HbA1c improved across subgroups. Larger absolute HbA1c drops were seen in younger patients and in those treated with metformin at baseline. HbA1c patterns by sex were similar. Conclusion: In Dubai primary care, dapagliflozin was associated with large and sustained reductions in albuminuria and a meaningful fall in HbA1c over 24 months. Early change at 3 months and continued improvement through 2 years support routine monitoring at these intervals. These results suggest that expected renal and glycemic benefits can be achieved in day-to-day care across diverse patients.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) and wound complications continue to constitute one of the most significant causes of morbidity after pediatric cardiac surgery. New prevention methods, standard care bundles, and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have been developed to enhance postoperative outcomes. Purpose: This systematic review article aims to determine evidence published over the past 10 years on wound management strategies after cardiac surgery in children, including their prevention, treatment, and outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2016 and March 2025. Articles that focused on wound prevention, surgical site infections, sternal wound care, or NPWT in children's cardiac surgery were incorporated. Results: Fifteen studies involving over 3,000 pediatric cardiac surgery patients were included. Implementation of standardized prevention bundles resulted in a 30–70% reduction in SSI rates, while NPWT achieved wound closure success exceeding 85% in cases of deep sternal wound infection and mediastinitis. Conclusion: Standardized cardiac pediatric wound management interventions based on prevention bundles and early administration of advanced wound therapies are most likely to be effective following pediatric cardiac surgery. The strategies play a crucial role in minimizing morbidity and enhancing recovery among pediatric patients.

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) characterized by three nosological entities, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases and inflammatory diseases of undetermined mechanism, share in common the inflammatory process but their clinical and biological expressions are extremely diverse. Epidemiological and clinical studies of IMIDs are mostly partial and non-exhaustive. Affections that constitute IMIDs are characterized by chronic inflammatory processes. All these affections are classified based on their immunogenetic, pathophysiological, and clinical profiles. It is well understood that similar therapeutic targets as well as prevention and treatment strategies can be developed for IMIDs with the same immunogenetic, pathophysiological, and clinical profiles. This work presents an immunogenetic, pathophysiological, and clinical classification, now especially integrating epidemiological data (rare <1/2000; common ≥1/2000). To achieve this, a literature review was also necessary to refine the classification by adding the epidemiological data (rare <1/2000; common ≥ 1/2000). This work highlights the comprehensive distribution of IMIDs through an immunogenetic, pathophysiological, and clinico-epidemiological classification.

Background: Febrile cases represent a major diagnostic and management challenge in tertiary healthcare facilities. Early diagnostic screening has been advised for therapeutic and admission decisions but its practical effect on clinical pathway, and patient outcome is under investigated. This study will assess the impact of early diagnostic screening on clinical care, patterns of hospitalization, and patient-reported outcomes of adults presenting with fever in tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done over a period from January to December 2024 in two tertiary care hospitals, Dhaka. One hundred and twenty successive adult febrile patients (antipyretic cut-off value: ≥38°C) were taken. A structured questionnaire and medical record review were used to gather information on screening, clinical management, hospitalization outcomes, and patient satisfaction. Predictors of hospital admission were determined by multivariable logistic regression. Results: 70.8% of the patients received early diagnostic screening with CBC (82.4%) and rapid antigen tests (58.8%) being performed most frequently. Patients screened were significantly more often admitted (56.5% vs 20.0%, p<0.001) and spent less time in hospital (mean days: 2.8 vs 3.5, p=0,023). Screening results guided treatment in 82.4% of cases. Early testing was an independent positive predictor of admission with aOR=4.85 (95% CI 1.92 — 12.25) in adjusted analysis. Patient satisfaction was much higher in patients screened (88.3% vs 28.6% satisfied, p<0.001). Conclusion: Unstructured, early diagnostic screening results in more targeted therapy and higher rates of admission, yet shorter hospital stays and patient satisfaction. It should be incorporated into febrile illness algorithms with preference in using this pan-malaria primer technology for better patient care, and effectiveness of health system in tertiary hospitals.

Background: In dengue-endemic countries such as Bangladesh, early discrimination of dengue from other acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in outpatient practice is a pivotal practical strategy to expedite proper case management and optimize resource utilization, but the predictive value of common symptoms like myalgia and chills are poorly quantified. The prevalence, diagnostic accuracy and independent predictors for laboratory confirmed dengue among adults’ outpatients in Dhaka, Bangladesh were the objectives of this study. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in two tertiary hospitals, Dhaka during the period from January to December 2025. The consecutive AFI (History & examination duration ≤7 days) adults older than 18 years were included. Symptoms were assessed using a structured questionnaire and included information on myalgia (presence and severity, from 1 to 10), and chills. NS1 antigen and/or IgM antibody using a WHO-prequalified rapid test (SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo) were used to confirm dengue illness. Summary (max 100 words): Diagnostic accuracy was determined, and independent predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Dengue prevalence was 42.2% (76/180) in a total of 180 studied individuals. Myalgia was reported in 93.4% vs 68.3% in dengue-positive than dengue-negative patients (p<0.001) revealing a high sensitivity (93.4%) but low specificity It was the prevalent symptom/sign among both cases and controls (Table 2A). Myalgia (≥5 score) had a specificity 55.8%. Chills were less predominantly observed among dengue-positive patients (44.7% vs 71.2%, p<0.001) and had moderate specificity 71.2%. In multivariate analysis, myalgia was a strong independent predictor (aOR=5.87, 95% CI: 1.99–17.29), while chills were inversely associated with dengue (aOR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.21–0.80). Conclusions: Severe myalgia is a sensitive clinical marker, whereas chills should raise the possibility of other causes. Targeting such symptom presentations can help contribute to early clinical suspicion and prioritize testing in the outpatient settings affected by dengue epidemics.

Background: Postpartum depression (PDD) is a psychological condition that commonly occurs after childbirth and can adversely affect maternal health and child development. Factors such as education level and family support may influence the risk of postpartum depression. Education affects a mother’s ability to cope with emotional stress, while family support is essential for maintaining psychological well-being. Aim: To determine the relationship between education level and family support with the risk of postpartum depression in Kupang City. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study involved 70 postpartum mothers selected through purposive sampling from the working areas of Oebobo and Sikumana Public Health Centers. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Postpartum Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) were used. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Results: Most respondents had secondary education (50%) and good family support (81.4%). No significant association was found between education level and Postpartum depression risk (p=0.801). Family support showed a significant association with PPD risk (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated family support as the dominant factor (p=0.001; Exp(B)=12.039), while education level was not significant (p=0.315; Exp(B)=1.530). Conclusion: Education level was not associated with PPD risk, whereas family support was significantly associated and served as a dominant protective factor.