Introduction: Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of heart conditions characterized by abnormal structure of the myocardium. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of heart failure in Sudan. It has different implications for the quality of life and the psychological status of patients. This study aims to assess the Psychological Impact and Quality of Life in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in the outpatient department of Alshaab teaching hospital. A sample of 107 patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Using self-administered questionnaires including socio-demographic data, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the WHOQOL-BREF. The study assessed the quality of life and psychological symptoms of participants using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA to explore associations between clinical and sociodemographic factors and QoL outcomes. Results: The study showed that 23 (21.5%) patients had anxiety, and 19 (17.8%) patients had depression. Regarding the four domains related to quality of life, the physical health domain had the lowest mean score (56.15), indicating significant physical limitations, while the social domain scored highest (68.55), reflecting strong social support. Most participants were middle-aged, predominantly male, married, and residing in urban areas, with the majority reporting sufficient income. Higher NYHA class and lower LVEF were significantly associated with poorer physical and psychological quality of life, emphasizing the impact of heart failure severity. Employment and sufficient income were linked to better physical, psychological, and environmental scores. Mental health issues were prevalent, with 21.5% experiencing anxiety and 17.8% depression; these conditions significantly correlated with lower psychological and social QoL scores. Conclusion: Dilated cardiomyopathy affects patients’ psychological status and their quality of life. In this study, sociodemographic and clinical factors considerably influenced the participants' quality of life, underscoring the need for comprehensive management approaches addressing both medical and psychosocial aspects.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) prevalence has been increasing, with over 415 million cases worldwide and a mortality rate of 2.5–5 million each year. Micronuclei (MN), which are cytoplasmic chromatin masses, have recently been suggested as a biomarker for cancer risk. An elevated micronuclei frequency is associated with DM. The oral cavity is considered a mirror reflecting an individual's health. This study aims to investigate the genotoxic effects of diabetes mellitus on human oral cells. This is a case-control study conducted in Shendi town from October 2021 to March 2022 at diabetic clinics. Forty-three mouth rinse samples were collected from diabetic patients and seventeen from non- diabetic individuals. All samples were centrifuged, and the sediment was smeared onto clean glass slides. It was then immediately fixed in 95% ethanol and stained with Papanicolaou stain and the Feulgen reaction to detect and calculate the rate of MN formation among the study groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0. Cytology screening showed the MN rate among diabetics was 5.17 MN/100 cells with a standard deviation of 5.01, while among non- diabetics it was 2.29 MN/100 cells with a SD of 1.49. The difference between the two means was statistically significant (P-value 0.024). In this study, MN formation in diabetic patients' mucosal cells was correlated with control of DM (P-value 0.02) and metformin intake (P-value 0.045), but it was not correlated with either age or duration of the disease. Other cellular changes observed alongside micronuclei in diabetic oral mucosa included nuclear anomalies (95. 3%), hyperkeratosis /metaplasia (42%), inflammatory cells (76.7%), megalo-plastic changes (53.5%), nuclear atypia (72.1%), and binucleation (67.4%). No cellular anomalies were observed in non- diabetic oral cells. Papanicolaou stain demonstrated higher sensitivity (87.1%) for detecting MN formation and lower specificity (10%) compared to the Feulgen reaction. DM and its treatment with metformin exhibit a genotoxic effect on oral cells. The study recommends implementing oral cytology and genetic screening programs for diabetic patients, utilizing the Feulgen reaction as the most effective method for MN detection.

Background: Severe acute pancreatitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, often due to systemic complications. Nutritional deficiencies are frequent in this setting, yet neurological complications such as Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) remain exceedingly rare. We are a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency, classically linked to alcohol misuse but increasingly recognized in non-alcoholic patients with prolonged fasting, vomiting, or parenteral nutrition. Early recognition and treatment are crucial, as delayed diagnosis is associated with poor outcomes. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 54-year-old woman admitted with severe acute pancreatitis complicated by multiorgan failure. One month later, she developed progressive confusion, ocular abnormalities, and impaired coordination, raising suspicion of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Neuroimaging supported the diagnosis. Despite supportive management and initiation of thiamine supplementation, the patient’s condition deteriorated, ultimately leading to death. Conclusion: This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges and devastating consequences of Wernicke’s encephalopathy complicating severe acute pancreatitis. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition in critically ill patients with risk factors for thiamine deficiency. Early empiric thiamine supplementation is a safe and cost-effective preventive strategy that may significantly improve outcomes.