Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly observed in lean individuals, particularly in non-Western populations. In this prospective Moroccan study, 100 patients with biopsy-proven MASLD were divided into two groups: lean (n=50) and non-lean (n=50). Lean patients were older and displayed a lower prevalence of classical cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, they more frequently presented with autoimmune comorbidities, suggesting a distinct immuno-inflammatory background. In contrast, advanced fibrosis was significantly more prevalent in non-lean patients. These findings support the notion that lean MASLD constitutes a separate clinical entity with unique risk profiles, highlighting the need for individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy marked by episodic vaso-occlusive crises, chronic hemolytic anemia, and multi-organ involvement. In regions such as central India, its prevalence is substantial, imposing significant health and socioeconomic challenges. Routine laboratory investigations including Complete Blood Count (CBC), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C - reactive protein (CRP), and serum electrolytes are pivotal in diagnosis, monitoring, and assessing prognosis. The identification of long-term complications, particularly avascular necrosis (AVN), necessitates timely radiological and laboratory screening. This manuscript systematically reviews and interprets the clinical utility of these markers in the assessment of disease status, crisis severity, and complications, with commentary on their rational integration into routine protocols and implications for personalized management.

Sorafenib (SR), a liver cancer drug, is an antineoplastic agent that belongs to the group of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It functions by preventing the aberrant protein that stimulates cancer cells to proliferate. In this study, we investigated the toxicological implications of SR on the kidneys in male Wistar rats. A total of 10 male rats were assigned equally into two groups. Group 1 served as control (received corn oil) while group 2 received SR (10 mg/kg). The SR was administered orally thrice a week for seven consecutive weeks. The blood and kidneys were processed for hematological, histological, and biochemical analyses. Results showed that the administration of SR decreased the body weight gained by 42% while the organo-somatic weight of the kidney increased by 13%, respectively. Administration of SR caused significant decreases in antioxidant activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase by 34% and 31%, respectively, when compared to controls. On the contrary, levels of lipid peroxidation significantly (P<0.05) increased by 53% while nitric oxide decreased by 54% in SR-administered rats. Furthermore, the levels of electrolyte concentration decreased in SR-administered rats. Precisely, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions decreased by 4%, 73%, and 17% respectively. Also, the white blood count drastically (P<0.05) decreased by 48.3% in SR-administered rats. Histology of kidney tissues revealed normal kidney cells and interstitial spaces with no inflammatory cells in both control and SR groups. In conclusion, the administration of Sorafenib induced oxidative stress with a concomitant decrease in the activities of first-line antioxidant enzymes.

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is significantly prevalent in Saudi Arabia, despite the country's plentiful sunlight, and has been increasingly linked to metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review aims to integrate recent evidence on the clinical ramifications of VD deficiency in Saudi populations, with a focus on diabetes and related metabolic complications. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published from 2010 to 2025. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that reported VD status in Saudi populations and their associations with diabetes, glycemic control, or cardiometabolic outcomes. Forty-three studies—including observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses—were included. Data on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the prevalence of deficiency, metabolic parameters, and clinical outcomes were extracted and synthesized narratively. Results: VD deficiency prevalence has been reported to range from 50% to 85%, affecting children, adolescents, and adults, with women being disproportionately affected. This deficiency was consistently linked to elevated fasting glucose levels, HbA1c, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and an increased risk of cardiovascular issues. The pediatric and adolescent demographics showed signs of impaired bone mineralization and a heightened risk for rickets. Mechanistically, VD deficiency leads to β-cell dysfunction, reduced insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Some urban areas have seen modest improvements in deficiency rates due to supplementation and awareness initiatives, yet the deficiency remains widespread. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is significantly prevalent in Saudi Arabia and is closely associated with T2DM, cardiometabolic disorders, and skeletal complications. It is advisable to implement routine screening for high-risk groups, targeted supplementation, lifestyle modifications, and public health strategies to alleviate deficiency and its clinical ramifications. Tackling VD deficiency is a clinically actionable strategy to lessen the burden of metabolic and skeletal disorders within Saudi populations.

Background: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the preferred treatment for complicated type B aortic dissections. Late complications, particularly in chronic dissections, may combine multiple mechanisms such as proximal type I endoleak, false lumen progression, and true lumen compression, posing significant risks for rupture and malperfusion. Case presentation: We report the case of a 62‑year‑old man with a history of TEVAR for ruptured thoracic aneurysm secondary to chronic type B dissection. One year later, he presented with persistent thoracic pain. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a proximal type IA endoleak, false lumen progression with distal re‑entry, and marked true lumen compression in the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. The left renal artery originated from the false lumen. The multidisciplinary team opted for distal stent graft extension to exclude distal re‑entries, depressurise the false lumen, and restore true lumen calibre. Discussion: This case illustrates the interplay between persistent proximal endoleak, distal re‑entries, and false lumen pressurisation leading to adverse remodelling. True lumen compression is a key driver of malperfusion risk and reduced repair durability. Distal extension directly addresses both the haemodynamic and mechanical components of the complication. This approach aligns with the 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines, which recommend early reintervention for type I endoleaks in chronic dissections, particularly when associated with false lumen perfusion or malperfusion. Conclusion: Late combined complications after TEVAR require tailored, anatomy‑driven strategies. Distal extension can effectively treat proximal endoleak, false lumen progression, and true lumen compression in a single intervention, improving long‑term aortic stability and patient outcomes.

Electronic health record systems transformed healthcare documentation by providing a system for storing and sharing extensive patient data. However, much of this information remains in the form of unstructured text, which limits its utility for computational analysis. Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a prominent approach to extract and structure information from free-text clinical narratives, offering the potential to unlock valuable insights for clinical care, research, and administration. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in NLP methods applied to EHRs, discusses open problems including data quality, privacy, and generalizability, and highlights potential future directions for the integration of NLP into clinical workflows. The conclusions point to the need for continued development of domain-specific language models, privacy-preserving techniques, and explainable AI methods to fully harness the power of NLP for healthcare transformation.

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone disease characterized by defective bone resorption due to impaired osteoclast function or differentiation. This results in generalized osteosclerosis and leads to multiple complications including hematologic failure, neurological compression, skeletal deformities, dental anomalies, and facial dysmorphism. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, biological, radiological, and genetic findings. The only curative treatment for severe forms is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is most effective when performed early. New therapeutic strategies under investigation include gene therapy, immunomodulators, and targeted agents. Prognosis is influenced by the genetic subtype, age at diagnosis, and neurological involvement. Long-term multidisciplinary care is crucial to improve the quality of life of surviving patients.