Background: Endometriosis, a prevalent gynecological disorder affecting women of reproductive age, is a significant cause of infertility, especially in severe cases involving extensive adhesions, endometriomas, and deep infiltrating lesions. In Bangladesh, the delay in diagnosis and limited access to advanced treatments, including laparoscopic surgery, poses challenges to improving fertility outcomes for women with severe endometriosis. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of laparoscopic treatment on fertility outcomes in patients with severe endometriosis, particularly in a resource-limited healthcare setting in Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 78 women with severe endometriosis from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Khulna, Bangladesh. All participants had previously experienced unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts and subsequently underwent laparoscopic surgery between 2015 and 2024. Data collection involved reviewing primary and secondary data from these tertiary hospitals, including medical records and operative reports, and was supplemented by follow-up interviews for comprehensive analysis. Variables such as patient age, infertility duration, previous IVF cycles, operative findings, and postoperative fertility outcomes were analyzed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at P < .05. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.3 years, and the average duration of infertility was 52.9 months. Post-laparoscopic surgery, 42.3% (33/78) of women successfully delivered, with 7% achieving spontaneous conception. Younger age, fewer prior IVF cycles, and a normal uterine appearance on transvaginal ultrasound were significantly associated with improved fertility outcomes. Salpingectomy was more common among those who delivered (70%), though the removal of ovarian endometriomas did not significantly impact fertility success. Conclusion: Laparoscopic treatment significantly improves fertility outcomes in Bangladeshi women with severe endometriosis, even in a resource-limited setting. Age, normal ovarian function, and uterine appearance were key factors influencing reproductive success. These findings underscore the importance of timely surgical intervention for endometriosis-related infertility, highlighting the need for improved access to laparoscopic surgery in low-resource healthcare systems.

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a vital indicator of kidney function, particularly in patients receiving treatments that may impact renal health, such as intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections like bevacizumab. Bevacizumab, commonly used to treat retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy, has raised concerns about its potential systemic effects, including its impact on kidney function due to the role of VEGF in maintaining glomerular integrity. This study investigates the effect of bevacizumab injections on renal function in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and those without. Objective: To assess changes in eGFR before and after intravitreal bevacizumab injections in patients with and without diabetic kidney disease, evaluating whether these injections significantly affect renal function. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), from April 2019 to August 2021. Forty patients with diabetic retinopathy were selected, divided equally into DKD and non-DKD groups. Serum creatinine and eGFR were measured within 30 days before the injection and one month after the third dose of intravitreal bevacizumab. eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The mean pre-injection eGFR was 69.35±25.91 ml/min/1.73m² in the DKD group and 96.7±30.59 ml/min/1.73m² in the non-DKD group. Post-injection, the mean eGFR was 73.3±33.87 ml/min/1.73m² in DKD patients and 93.6±29.7 ml/min/1.73m² in non-DKD patients. The mean differences in eGFR were not statistically significant between pre- and post-injection measurements in either group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab injections did not cause significant changes in eGFR in both DKD and non-DKD patients, suggesting that the treatment is unlikely to have a detrimental impact on renal function in the short term. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of repeated injections.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by production of abnormal hemoglobin S. The aim of this study is to review the history of SCD adults patients who were admitted to inpatient ward in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Method: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted through medical records chart review in King Fahad Hospital (KFH) in Al Ahsa to detect all SCD adults patients who were admitted to inpatient ward during 2013 to 2015. A structured Self designed questionnaire was reviewed and used during data collection from patients files. Results: A total of 130 patients were admitted to inpatient ward, consanguinity reported in 96.2 %. In the last visit, 64.3 % had diagnosed with vaso-occlusive crises, 10.1 % had sequestration crises, 13/2 % had acute chest syndrome, and 12.4% had gall stone. Complications of SCD included spleen removed (46.4%), infection (93%), anemia (93%) and acute chest syndrome (40.6%). Conclusion: SCD is considered as a load in the secondary health care services. Further studies need to be conducted in this subject.

Diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor of tuberculosis. Failure of the tubercular treatment outcome is higher among patients who are simultaneously suffering from diabetes. This study aims to observe the treatment outcome of the multi drug resistant tuberculosis patients in respect to their diabetic status. This cross sectional study has been conducted in a tertiary level hospital specialized for the diseases of the chest, during the period of January to December of the year 2019. Ethical approval for the research work has been acquired and informed written consent from the patients has been taken prior conducting the study and data collection. Face to face interview and review of medical records has been undertaken to collect data. Collected data has been analyzed with IBM SPSS software. Among 200 respondents, 53.0% patients showed to have early treatment response whereas, 47.0% had delayed treatment response. Among them, 80 patients were diabetic, where, 82.5.0% showed to have delayed response to the treatment and only 17.5% had early response to the treatment. Out of 120 non-diabetic respondents 77.5% had early response to the treatment and 22.5% had delayed response to the treatment. The treatment outcome of an MDR-TB patient found to be dependent on patient’s gender, age, marital status, monthly family income, history of previous TB treatment and also diabetic status (p<0.05). According to this study, diabetic MDR-TB patients are on increased risk of responding late to the treatments than the non-diabetic MDR-TB patients.

Background: Prenatal care has proven to play an invaluable role in the reduction of maternal and perinatal mortality. The care provided to the parturient includes risk assessment, health promotion and education, and therapeutic intervention if need arises. The cardinal point of antenatal care is mainly but not limited to ensuring the delivery of a healthy newborn with minimal or no risk to the mother. The importance of prenatal care cannot be overemphasized especially in developing countries with high fertility rate, increased tendency to large family size and increased maternal mortality. Objectives: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics of booked and unbooked pregnant women and to ascertain any differences in maternal and perinatal outcome. Materials and Method: A retrospective cohort study at 68 Nigerian Army reference hospital from January 2020 to December 2023. All the antennal records of women booked in our facility within the period of study were retrieved. Maternity records that included all unbooked deliveries were all retrieved. The variables of interest were maternal age, parity, educational status, antenatal care (ANC) attendance, mode of delivery, obstetrics complications and pregnancy outcomes. Data was analysed using SPSS version 29. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total number of 5032 patients were seen during the four-year period of review. Booked cases were 3572 (70.99%) while unbooked was 1460 (29.01%). Fetomaternal adverse outcome and complication were more in the unbooked category with high operative delivery 87.05% in the unbooked patients. Conclusion: The study showed that more adverse pregnancy outcomes occurs when women are unbooked during pregnancy. Continued utilisation of quality antenatal and delivery care services in our environment will significantly improve pregnancy outcome while reducing maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.

Consanguineous marriage (CM) or cousin marriage is a type of inter-familial union, defined as the marriage between two blood-related individuals who are second cousins or closer (inbreeding coefficient ⩾ 0.0156). Marriage is one of the important vital event and entry in to reproductive life in India. Prevalence and pattern of marriage varies across the states, regions and according to their religion and caste. Consanguineous marriages have been practiced since the early existence of humans. Consanguinity is the marriage between close relatives. Though consanguineous matings have cultural and socioeconomic advantages, their offspring have an increased risk for recessive disorders. The risk is not uniform in all cases and it varies based on several factors. Consanguinity is a deeply rooted social trend among one-fifth of the world population mostly residing in the Middle East, West Asia and North Africa, as well as among emigrants from these communities now residing in North America, Europe and Australia. The mounting public awareness on prevention of congenital and genetic disorders in offspring is driving an increasing number of couples contemplating marriage and reproduction in highly consanguineous communities to seek counseling on consanguinity. The article discusses the different type of measures that can be taken by a consanguineous couple before and after marriage to avoid genetic disorders in their progeny.