Atypical giant parathyroid adenoma is a rare tumor with unusual histological features, an unusual presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism but more elevated laboratory findings and more severe clinical presentation due to larger tissue mass, and defined as weighing>3.5 g, leading to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Herein, we report a case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with a palpable neck mass, fatigue, persistent hypercalcemia, osteoporosis and asymptomatic renal stones, Ultrasound showed a left-sided solid nodule, and Sestamibi nuclear scan showed a giant parathyroid adenoma. The diagnosis of giant atypical parathyroid adenoma was confirmed after surgical excision size (3.5*1.5cm). We discuss the investigations, treatment, and outcome of this rare case and highlight the importance of long-term follow-up care.

Background: Stroke is a significant global health concern, particularly in countries like Bangladesh experiencing a rise in non-communicable diseases. The impact of stroke disabilities is profound, affecting both patients and their caregivers. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of caregivers in alleviating symptoms among post-stroke disabled individuals. Method: A two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted over 12 weeks (July 2022-july 2023). 51 Participants, recruited from tertiary hospital departments, met specific eligibility criteria. They were assigned to either a control, n=26 or intervention group, n=25, receiving either standard care or a caregiver-mediated rehabilitation program, respectively. Assessments were conducted at baseline and endpoint, evaluating various functional and quality-of-life measures. Results: In the study, 30 out of 51 participants were male, constituting 58% of the sample, while the remaining 41% were female. Among the cohort, 24 individuals, making up 47% of the total sample, experienced right hemiplegia. Furthermore, a significant portion of the participants, 38 out of 51 individuals, accounting for 75%, resided in households featuring mobility obstacles such as raised doorsteps between rooms. Additionally, it was observed that 71% of the caregivers were spouses of the patients. In the intervention group, significant enhancements were observed in various domains of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), including strength, mobility, composite physical function, and general recovery, with p-values indicating statistical significance (< 0.001). Marginal improvements were also noted in the domains of activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), hand function, communication, and social participation, albeit with slightly higher p-values (0.022 to 0.030). Conversely, the control group did not exhibit significant within-group effects across these domains. When comparing caregiver burden scores between the control and intervention groups, although there were no statistically significant differences observed in the Total Burden, General Strain, and Disappointment domains, the Intervention Group displayed slight improvements in Isolation, Emotional, and Environment domains compared to the Control Group, despite these differences not reaching statistical significance. These findings indicate the multifaceted impact of the caregiver-mediated, home-based intervention on both post-stroke patients' functional outcomes and caregiver burden. Conclusion: Caregivers are essential in post-stroke care, and supporting them is vital for holistic patient support. The 12-week caregiver-mediated rehabilitation program demonstrated effectiveness in improving physical functional recovery, underscoring its practical value for chronic stroke patients.

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end stage renal disease world wide. Approximately one third of patients with type 2 diabetes have hypomagnesemia, mainly caused by enhanced renal excretion. Magnesium deficit in the diet would induce insulin resistance in humans. If it is chronic, this may lead to macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications of diabetes. This study was designed to know the relationship of serum magnesium level in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. This study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In this study, serum magnesium level and urine microalbumin level of 60 type 2 diabetic patients were measured. Both serum magnesium and urine microalbumin levels were measured by biochemical auto analyzer (Siemens Dimension RL Max). The mean serum magnesium level is lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. There was a negative correlation between serum magnesium level and urinary microalbumin in hypomagnesemia diabetic patients. Identifying and treating hypomagnesemia can delay end stage renal disease in diabetic patient and reduce the clinical and economic burden of diabetic complications in future. The potential benefits of supplementing magnesium in type 2 diabetic patients with hypomagnesemia need to be evaluated further.

Background: Imposter syndrome is a psychological condition in which a person's fails to acknowledge and recognize their achievements regardless of having proof for fear they might come across as a fraud. Objectives: To find out the rate of imposter syndrome and its relation to grade and gender among medical students. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study conducted between December 2023 and February 2024, among a convenient sample of students from college of medicine, Al –Mustansiriyah University. Data was collected via self – administrated questionnaire based on Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) to determine the prevalence of imposter syndrome. Results: Five hundred and fifty-three students enrolled in this study. According to Clance IP scale, 281(50.8%) of the study group were designated as moderate Imposter characteristics. The results showed that moderate Imposter characteristics was observed among 109 (46.58%) of male students and 172 (53.92%) of female students. Moreover, intense IP experiences was noticed more among male students (6.41%) in comparison to (4.39%) of female students. The results demonstrated that moderate Imposter characteristics was a shared complained among the four grades students enrolled in the study, as (47%,51.56%,53.41%& 51.85%) of the 2nd ,3rd ,4th and 5th students respectively. Furthermore, 5th grade students reported the highest rate (8.64%) of intense IP experiences in comparison to other grades. Conclusion: The imposter phenomenon exists in a meaningfully high rate among medical students. Both genders are at equivalent risk of having an imposter phenomenon. Medical college administrations need to implemented some interventions that can address this problem and improve the wellness of medical students.

Background: Metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined as the development of a second primary CRC at least 6 months after the treatment of the first CRC. The reported risk of metachronous CRC within 5 years after surgical resection of the colon and rectum ranges from 2 to 12%, and the risk factors include age, synchronous lesions, location and stage of the first CRC, and family history. Case presentation: We report a rare case of metachronous two colonic cancers arising in ascending and sigmoid colon, A 73-year-old female patient with a history of right hemicolectomy in 2010, developed a metachronous sigmoid cancer in 2023, treated with sigmoidectomy without performing total colectomy (only right hemicolectomy and sigmoidectomy in 13 years apart), followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and close follow-up. Conclusion: This case illustrates the occurrence of metachronous two colonic cancer arising in ascending and sigmoid adenocarcinoma, which is a rare and challenging scenario by avoiding colostomy and total colectomy.

Sarcoidosis is an uncommon chronic multisystemic fibro-inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, characterized histologically by the presence of non-caseating granuloma. We report the 15th case of isolated splenic sarcoidosis in a 71-year-old Nigerian female, which was discovered incidentally while being managed for acute intestinal obstruction due to volvulus. Abdominal ultrasound scan revealed a large multinodular spleen. Open splenectomy was performed and the diagnosis of splenic sarcoidosis was confirmed histologically. Her post-operative condition has been stable. Sarcoidosis should always be considered in isolated nodular splenomegaly with or without symptoms.

Background: Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of breast cancer characterized by rapid onset, inflammatory changes in the breast, and a poor prognosis. Its management requires a multidisciplinary approach due to its aggressive nature and diagnostic challenges. Objective: The objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer at the Cancer Centre, CMH Dhaka, and Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) Hospital in Dhaka, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and patient outcomes. Methods: This prospective study included patients who presented with Inflammatory Breast Cancer at CMH, Dhaka and BGB Hospital Dhaka Cancer Centre over a specified period from June 2021 to June 2023. Results: The study revealed that IBC continues to pose significant diagnostic challenges, often leading to delayed treatment initiation. Among the studies, a total of N=13 patients were managed within the past two years, and the prognosis remained unfavorable. Even after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a patient passed away from the illness within half a year of being diagnosed. Physical examinations consistently identified signs of inflammation, with skin changes in 54% of cases and palpable masses in 85%. Hormone receptor status revealed 23% of patients with triple- negative breast cancer (TNBC), while 31% were HER2 positive. Molecular classification showed that 31% belonged to the Luminal type-A category, and 31% were HER2 positive. Conclusion: Inflammatory Breast Cancer management at CMH, Dhaka and BGB Hospital, Dhaka, underscores the critical need for early detection and a multidisciplinary approach. The aggressive nature of IBC, coupled with diagnostic uncertainties, highlights the importance of a high clinical suspicion. To improve patient outcomes, timely and comprehensive management by a multidisciplinary team is imperative. This study highlights the complexity of IBC and underscores the importance of early intervention and holistic patient care despite the challenges faced.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy of mature B lymphocytes. Based on morphology and immunophenotype, HL is classified into two types: classical HL (cHL), and nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (NLPHL). cHL usually present with asymptomatic lymphadenopathy and Constitutional symptoms ("B" symptoms, i.e., fever, night sweats, or unintended weight loss). In a minority of cases the clinical presentation of cHL is atypical. Here, we report a rare case of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) presenting as combined of multiple unusual manifestations of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, polymyositis, celiac disease, and venous thromboembolism before the diagnosis.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has revolutionized the way medical data and information are managed. While AI offers unprecedented opportunities for improving patient care and outcomes, it also raises concerns about patient privacy and data security. This literature review examines the implications of AI on healthcare data and information management, exploring the benefits, challenges, and potential solutions to ensure patient privacy and data security. By analyzing relevant articles and research, this review provides insights into the current state, future directions, and ethical considerations of AI in healthcare. The review finds that while AI has immense potential, there are critical aspects that need to be addressed to strike a balance between innovation and patient data protection. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge by offering recommendations and best practices to mitigate risks and harness the full potential of AI in healthcare while upholding patient privacy and data security.

Plasmodium berghei infections which usually kill mice in 7-14 days can be terminated in most cases by administration of leaf and stem extracts of Phyllanthus amarus, in doses of 325-108.3mg/kg after inoculation of the animals with 6.2x103 parasitized red blood corpuscles. The methods employed in the course of the study were evaluation of the blood schizontocidal activity on early evaluation of the blood schizontocidal activity during established infection using mice as a case study. The 3-test showed a merozoiticidal action on Plasmodium berghei after taking 4-5µ1 of blood and preparing a thick smear and viewing with x 100 magnification. From the result obtained, blood schizontocidal activity during established infection showed a more promising result from 82.72-93.64%. Thus from all indications of my result it shows that the aqueous extract of P. amarus is therapeutically efficacious in the treatment of P. berghei in all the three test carried out in this study, and this tally closely to the claims by Nigeria Traditional healers of its effectiveness in human P. falciparum infection.