Introduction: Hanging is a very common method of suicide in Bangladesh as well as around the globe. The rate of suicide cases by hanging is increasing daily in Bangladesh. Suicide by hanging means killing oneself intentionally by suspending themselves from an anchor point by a ligature or by jumping from a height with a noose around the neck. As hanging is a simple method that does not require any complicated techniques, and the materials are also easy to come by, many choose this as their suicide method. The objective of this study was to observe the demography of hanging cases, its distribution according to age group, sex, and common ligature materials used by victims, observe post-mortem findings, and in this way, try to identify the causes and develop the preventive measures that are essential to reduce death due to hanging. Methods: This was a retrospective study done on the basis of the 3rd copy of postmortem reports preserved at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Pabna Medical College Hospital, Pabna, Bangladesh from January 2018 to December 2018 for the period of 1 year with proper permission from the autopsy surgeon. Result: 72% of the suicide victims were female, and 53% of those 115 victims were married. Most of the victims were from the age group of 21-30 years. Marital disharmony was the biggest common cause. The commonly used ligature material was Orna (dupatta). Conclusion: The number of deaths by suicide is on a rise, and to reduce this, a well-designed program is needed. This can help identify the causative factors f suicide by hanging and could help in preventing suicide cases.

Signet-ring cell carcinomas are malignant tumors that may affect the stomach and the colon, but extrahepatic bile duct localization is rare. Here we present a case (a 56-year-old Moroccan woman), without either pancreato-biliary mal-junction or liver disease. The patient had obstructive jaundice. Morphological studies by MRI and ERCP revealed a bile duct tumor obstructing the common bile duct and invading gallbladder and hepatic hilum. Pathological examination revealed a carcinoma containing signet-ring cells. The evolution was characterized by rapid disease progression; the patient died in about five months. The case of our patient is among the rare cases described in the mainly Asian literature, and the first case reported in North Africa.

Oxidative stress is often associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). It has been reported to cause infertility in males. Diagnosed at an advanced phase, DM-associated complications may not be reversed by standard therapy alone. This study therefore investigated whether zinc given alongside insulin may reverse or ameliorate oxidative stress induced by DM. Five normal rats was assigned into the normal control group. Twenty diabetic rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats each. The first group had no treatment throughout the experiment. The second group were administered insulin two times daily at one and four units in the morning and evening. The third group had oral zinc (10mg/kg). The fourth group had a combination of insulin and zinc at doses as above. Treatments in all cases commenced after two weeks of DM induction and lasted ten days. Testes were harvested and assayed for parameters. DM decreased SOD, GPx, GSH and increased MDA. While insulin or zinc increased SOD, GPx, GSH and decreased MDA, insulin and zinc in combination had better results.

Background: A common cause of mortality is traumatic brain injury (TBI). One of the deadliest complications is cerebral bleeding. Unanimously, CT scans are considered as gold-standard diagnostic tools for traumatic brain damage. In-patient assessment is aided by the patient's general condition score (GCS). Patients with a high GCS are often overlooked, yet it is possible that they may have major difficulties in the future. However, it is debatable whether or not a CT scan should be performed in individuals with GCS between 13 and 15 or not. Objective: It is our goal to examine individuals who have suffered head trauma and have a high GCS 10-15 on a CT scan who may have been overlooked but are now experiencing symptoms. We discovered the prevalence of ICH in 70 individuals with GCS ranging from 10-15. Methods: The computed tomography scans of 70 individuals with head trauma were performed. All patients underwent a non-contrast computed brain CT scan of 5mm axial images and slice thicknesses from the foramen magnum up to the vertex from which the findings were obtained. The patient's name, age, gender, and GCS score were all entered into a Performa. Results: The results showed that 32 patients (45.71 percent) experienced cerebral bleeding out of 70 individuals. Conclusion: Patients with RTA are at greater risk of developing ICH, and this risk is greater in men than in women.

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women and has the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers in the world. In recent years immunotherapy has become a game-changer in the treatment of cancer. Here, we present a patient with metastatic Non-Small Cell right lung carcinoma who was treated with pembrolizumab and achieved a very good response. This case highlights the efficacy of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab on metastatic lung carcinoma which provides a clinically meaningful therapeutic option for the future.

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chromosomal break up that induces congenital abnormalities. FA results from a mutation in one of the 15 genes involved in the DNA repair pathway that is essential for the proper development of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets (Dental Perspective of Rare Disease of Fanconi Anemia (2). Some signs made up of a short stature, hyperpigmentation and bone marrow failure should suggest the diagnosis. In this paper we report two case reports of FA of in different ages who were followed in our Paediatric Dentistry Department in la Rabta Hospital and in which various classical signs were present. Comparing the different symptoms, we noticed that developmental and physical abnormalities are in common such as hyperpigmentation, short stature, skeletal abnormalities and some oral manifestations such as microdontia, periodontitis, and dental caries. Due to an increased risk of malignancies in this population, we have given emphasis on oral manifestations and the role of pediatric dentist in making early diagnosis and ensuring the maintenance of oral health for these patients.

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods which are harmful to the individual or others. It is a form of substance-related disorder. Substance use disorders (SUD) are mental health conditions that arise from chronic drug use. There is an increased recognition of this problem in Saudi Arabia. Drugs of abuse testing is the detection of one or more illegal and/or prescribed substances in the urine, blood, saliva, hair, or sweat. Testing detects substances not normally found in the body. Drug abuse testing usually involves an initial screening test followed by a second test that identifies and/or confirms the presence of a drug or drugs. Initial screening is done by urine tests and confirmation is done by blood tests. Major drug class screened are Amphetamines, Barbiturates, Benzodiazapines, Cannibinoids, Cocaine, methadone and opiates. In this article we reviewed lab diagnosis of drug of abuse.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) (Forestier syndrome) is a rheumatologic disease, the etiology of which is not exactly known. It is characterized by spinal osteophyte formations resulting from the ossification of the paravertebral ligaments and muscles. Anterior longitudinal ligament is the usual site of involvement and the frequency of the disease increases after the 5th decade. Lower cervical segments are the most frequently involved regions whereas the upper cervical involvement leading to dysphagia is very rare. In this report, a 65-year-old patient with Forestier syndrome in lower cervical region presenting with dysphagia was presented. Anterior cervical osteophyte resection was performed with no need for discectomy, fusion or stabilization. The patient showed a significant improvement in his all preoperative symptoms, and no recurrence was detected at 1-year follow-up.