It is common to analyse literature works with the help of linguistic knowledge. The abidance and violation of the Cooperative Principle (CP) in some novels may have the an unexpected literary works. In spite of tremendous researches on The Little Prince, there are few studies analyzing the dialogues between characters in literary works from the perspective of the violation of CP. This article tries to analyz the conversations in The Little Prince, based on Grice’s Cooperative principle. The aim of this article is to reveal the the features of the main characters and the deep meaning behind the literal words. Through the analysis of the violation of CP in the communications, readers can have a better understanding of the essence of The Little Prince. Meanwhile this study shows that in the process of appreciating literary works, it is possible to understand the text better, with the help of linguistic knowledge.

This study examined the extent to which the presence of local markets in Moshi District Council, especially in Kibosho area, influenced the cultural change of the Chagga from the 1890s to 1950s. Specifically the study analyzed the presence of local markets as a complex sector of commercial activity among the Chagga. Local markets played an important role in social, economic, political and cultural change of African communities; which expressed the conceptual association of learning new practices outside the sphere of their families. Data for this study were collected through archival sources, oral interviews and secondary sources. It has drawn on Evolutionary Diffusion Theory to make sense of the extent at which the process of cultural diffusion was responsible for cultural change in Moshi Rural District as the Chagga came into contact with other cultures. The major finding of this study is that local markets had significant meaning in the history of the Chagga because they acted as a centre for cultural transformation through diffusion or adaptation.

With the rapid development of information technology and the huge business opportunities brought by China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), English advertisements are increasingly teemed with daily life. Therefore, the internationalization and globalization of advertisements has become an indispensable portion of people’s lives. Among them, the Chinese translation of English advertisements is becoming more and more important. The translation of English advertisements that is in line with aesthetic habits of Chinese readers can considerably boost the effect of publicity and effectively promote the sales of products. Based on the Skopos theory, this article analyzes several translation strategies of English advertisement through specific examples from the perspective of the uniqueness of English advertisement. It provides a theoretical basis for the translators to flexibly employ translation strategies in commercial English advertisements. And it has the vital guiding significance for advertisers to successfully attract consumers and achieve the purpose of advertising by the optimal translation.

This investigation examined experiences of widows in Botswana as they undertook mourning rituals in following their husbands’ deaths. The study sought to uncover rituals that enhanced healing and those that hindered healing; and how the investigation results can inform relevant psychological services. Data was collected through two focus group discussions and seven key informants from two villages in the Northern and Central districts of Botswana. The study results revealed that if cultural rituals were undertaken timely by a designated elder and in a meticulous manner, they provided widows with multiple sources of support, enhancing healing. However, when the tradition protocol was disorganized, widows reported insurmountable emotional hurt, perceiving elders as neglectful and uncaring—delaying healing. Another revelation was other bothersome issues not addressed through ritual undertaking; calling for legal and psychosocial supports. Combining both approaches to healing can ensure holistic care to grieving widows.

Problematics of the execution of patent object which are technological products as fiduciary guarantees is the impact of disorderly attitude by the community in increasing added value and competitiveness when achieving development goals. It also arises from violations against Law No. 13 of 2016 about patent, ratification of TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights), attachment to the rules of World Trade Organization (WTO). The problem is whether patent object can be used as a fiduciary guarantee and how positive law regulates the power of a fiduciary guarantee certificate in the execution. The research methods use a normative juridical method, by used secondary data obtained through study literature and analyzed qualitatively. The result and discussion of this research is that patent object can be used as a fiduciary guarantee and it can be executed if the debtor violate the agreement between parties, where the implementation of the execution is based on Article 29 paragraph 1 of Law No. 42 of 1999 about fiduciary guarantee. Also, the power of the fiduciary guarantee is the same as the court decision that has obtained permanent legal force if the agreement with fiduciary guarantee has been registered.

This study aims to determine the effect of labor discipline and commitment to employee performance UPI convention center of Padang. This research was conducted in the environment UPI Padang convention center. The population in this study were all employees of the environment UPI Padang convention center. Samples were 30 people with porposional techniques. The type and source of research data consist of primary data is data obtained from the opinions of the respondents through the questionnaire research and secondary data is data obtained from UPI convention center Padang Data analysis techniques used in the research hypothesis testing is a multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25.0.

Access to electrical energy in urban slum settlement areas is a systematic challenge to the population of Cameroonian cities. This stems from the nature of the relief, deplorable living conditions and poverty. This article advances that poverty and the nature of the relief have caused the people of Azegue to indulge in unorthodox means to access electricity which has affected their social wellbeing. Data collection through questionnaire administration, observation and perception, interviews and group discussions coupled with documentary research were done. Results from findings advocate that the inadequate supply of electrical energy in Azegue has enabled the inhabitants to devise other means of survival. Some 87% of the population of Azegue lives in poverty. The neighbourhood is characterised by 20% of hills and 80% of valley slums with poor runoff and drainage. A greater part of the neighbourhood is considered prohibited for settlement hence, not fit for electrical energy supply. Some inhabitants of the area acquire energy through direct connection on electric poles without permission. Others receive their supply from neighbours as secondary source distributors. Electrical energy distribution triggers a solid social relationship amongst those engaged in the same activity.This method of social justice by the inhabitants on one hand augments solidarity and on the other produces conflicts. Considering the indispensible nature of electrical energy to the daily functioning of households, State intervention in land acquisition and the provision of social amenities is imperative in Azegue to render the area sustainable for settlement.

“Transnationalism” in its broadest sense names the effort to study nations and cultures in a global context. Transnational literature crosses national boundaries, is written by migrant or exiled writers, and read by a global audience. Transnationalism in literary and cultural studies is a vital tool for unravelling the profound yet still unexplored implications that derive from the vast movement of people, texts, languages, translations, art forms and objects across the world. Through the study of transnationalism, we are able to examine and highlight the flows, interchanges and multi-stranded connections between textual and cultural movements across and between borders, boundaries, regions, nations, countries and continents. Whereas the feminism as an ideology that affects transnationalism and the literary output in those countries is labelled as transnational feminism, focusing on spaces of conflict, of contradiction, of contact in which women, women of colour, and other marginalized sections, have transformed discourses and spaces that exclude them, into ‘spaces of possibility and collaboration’. This paper attempts to analyse Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s text Americanah as a transnational feminist novel using the theories of deconstruction and negofeminism as the tools of evaluation and analysis.

Retail business in Indonesia become an informal industry sector is high developing. From this phenomenon, some retailers in Indonesia try to package the products they sell with their own packaging and brands or private labels. The development of sales of private label products at Alfamidi Stores is still unsatisfactory and tends to stagnate. This study aims to determine the effect of brand awareness and brand loyalty on repurchase intentions and purchasing decisions. The design of this study is explanatory. The sampling technique in this study is on consumers who bought or consumed private label products in Alfamidi branches in Tangerang and filled out the questionnaire using the accidental sampling method but still fulfilled the specified criteria. The sampling technique is Quota Sampling with the amount determined by the researcher. Using Quota sampling, we get a sample of 100 customers. The method is Quantitative analysis with SEM analysis tools and Smart PLS tools.