Cleome rutidosperma DC. (commonly known as Nil Hurhure) and Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. (locally referred to as Kulluruki) are two medicinal plants widely found in various regions of Bangladesh. Cleome rutidosperma, a low-growing herb of the Capparidaceae family, typically reaches a height of up to 70 cm and is found in areas such as Chittagong. Pouzolzia zeylanica, a perennial herb from the Urticaceae family, is widely distributed across Bangladesh, particularly in tribal regions like Bandarban, Chattogram, Cox's Bazar, Khagrachhari, and Rangamati. Both plants have been used in traditional herbal medicine for their wide range of pharmacological benefits in treating various diseases. In this study, the methanolic extracts of powdered leaves of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica were tested for their thrombolytic potential using human erythrocytes. The results revealed that Cleome rutidosperma exhibited a clot lysis of 22.96±2.12%, while Pouzolzia zeylanica showed 36.15±1.51% clot lysis. Whereas, the sterile distilled water (negative control) and streptokinase (positive control) demonstrated clot lysis of 4.9±0.59% and 81.67±2.62%, respectively. The observed thrombolytic activity may be attributed to the presence of phytochemical compounds, such as tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, in the plant extracts. Although no previous research has specifically examined the thrombolytic potential of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica, our findings suggest that the clot lysis effect of both plants is noteworthy when compared to the positive control and negative control. Based on these results, we propose that the methanolic leaf extracts of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica possess moderate thrombolytic potential, making them promising candidates for future drug development.

This review reviews techniques to enhance immunity and productivity in broilers, explicitly highlighting the effects of vaccination on poultry health. The grill business is integral to the global food supply, and improving grill health and productivity is vital to satisfy the increasing demand for poultry meat. Vaccination is essential for safeguarding poultry from viral illnesses, augmenting their immunological responses, and raising overall production efficiency. The main aim of this review is to analyze the many vaccination procedures utilized in grill production, evaluate their efficacy, and pinpoint research deficiencies. The review consolidates the latest discoveries about vaccine classifications, administration methods, and ideal vaccination timelines. It underscores the correlation between vaccination and immunity, the impact on growth performance and feed conversion efficiency, and the economic advantages of vaccination initiatives. The review also examines problems in vaccination, including vaccine failure, resistance, and environmental factors that affect vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, it examines novel trends in vaccine creation, encompassing the utilization of next-generation vaccines and adjuvants alongside the amalgamation of vaccination with alternative management strategies to enhance health outcomes. The results indicate that vaccination markedly decreases illness prevalence, improves production, and promotes the sustainability of poultry husbandry. It highlights multiple research deficiencies, especially regarding the prolonged impacts of vaccination on immunity and productivity, alongside the obstacles presented by developing diseases and vaccine resistance. Future research should focus on advancing more efficacious vaccines and investigating integrated vaccination techniques that account for environmental and genetic variables. It provides significant insights into contemporary vaccination techniques, their effects on broiler health, and prospective advancements in vaccination strategies within chicken production.

This study aims to examine a sustainable source of energy from environmentally friendly and renewable resource. Crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) obtained from kernel of African oil palm (Elaeis Gunieensis) was transesterified into biodiesel using alcohol (methanol) and base catalyst (sodium hydroxide) to produce 80.6% PKO methyl ester (biodiesel). Biodiesel produced was blended with diesel fuel in various proportions. Physiochemical properties of biodiesel produced, and its blends evaluated according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751). The results showed that; most of Physiochemical properties of PKO biodiesel and its blends were met the requirements of ASTM standard methods.

Flunitrazepam (FPAM), a sedative and anxiolytic drug, is abused as a recreational substance. However, it is known to be neurotoxic, affecting diverse brain regions. This study examined its histological effect on the cerebellar cortex. Twenty male Wistar rats, divided into four groups of five, consisting of a control and three FPAM-treated groups, were employed. After 14 days of administration of 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg per kg body weight, respectively, of FPAM. Histological results showed a dose-dependent degeneration of Purkinje cells (Pn) characterised by vacuolation and nuclei shrinkage. With a Pn-based scale, a semi-quantitative evaluation revealed the proportion of degenerating Pn using a microscope with 15 mm (eyepiece number) and an objective of x 40, per 10-1mm 2 were 4, 6, and 9 respectively, which were significantly different from control (p< 0.05, P< 0.001, and p< 0.001, respectively). The findings revealed that FPAM use had a twofold degenerative tendency in the cerebellar cortex between low and high dosages, indicating potentially harmful implications in FPAM addiction.

This study aims to identify a sustainable source of energy from natural and environmentally friendly resources. Crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) was extracted from kernel of African oil palm (Elais Guineensis) by two chemical extraction methods; soxhlet extraction and cold solvent extraction; yields % were found 40.98% and 34% respectively. The physiochemical properties of extracted oil were evaluated and results showed that its color (Golden Yellow), refractive index was 1.477, density at 15 ºC was 0.80343g/cm3, Kinematic viscosity at 40 ºC was 25.13 cSt, cloud point was 31 ºC, pour point was 21 ºC, free fatty acid was 2.60%, acid value was 5.20 mg KOH g-1, peroxide value was 7.30 mEq kg-1, iodine value was 18.23 mg g-1, saponification value was 216.11mg/KOH g-1and water content was 0.0329%. The fatty Acid compositions were determined using GC-MS. The results showed the dominant fatty acids were lauric acid, myristic acid and Oleic acid in which represent of 39.18%, 20.24%, and 18.82% respectively.

This study attempted to revalidate the Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis among households in Choba Community in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area in Rivers State. This was done by examining the consumption expenditure pattern of clothing in households and communication. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey design with an estimated population of 48,081 inhabitants of Choba community. The sample size consisted of 100 samples drawn from the total population using the Taro Yamane technique. The data collected were analyzed via descriptive methods. The findings revealed that households' expenditure on communication is high in comparison to their expenditure on clothing. Communication expenditure, though less variable than clothing, emerged as a growing necessity for households. The study, therefore, recommends among others that the Government should strengthen fiscal and monetary policies to curb inflation and stabilize the naira.

Introduction: Open-access software has become an essential tool in higher education, significantly enhancing research productivity. This scoping review aims to explore the existing research on the impact of open-access software on research activities within higher education institutions. Objective of the Study: The primary objective is to investigate how open-access software facilitates access to scholarly resources, enhances researcher collaboration, and streamlines various research processes. Additionally, the study aims to identify gaps in existing knowledge and suggest areas for future research. Methods: A scoping review methodology is used, involving systematic searches and analyses of relevant literature from academic databases, including peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and grey literature. The review follows a structured framework: (1) identifying the research question, (2) developing a search strategy, (3) selecting relevant studies, (4) charting the data, and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Findings: The review indicates that open-access software significantly enhances research productivity by offering unrestricted access to various scholarly articles, datasets, and collaborative tools. Faculty members report increased efficiency in literature reviews, data analysis, and manuscript preparation, resulting in more publications and improved research quality. The review also highlights the role of open-access software in promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge sharing. Discussion: The discussion delves into the implications of the findings, emphasizing the transformative potential of open-access software in higher education. It also addresses challenges such as limited awareness, technical issues, and data security concerns. Conclusions: The study concludes that open-access software holds significant promise for enhancing research productivity in higher education. By addressing the identified challenges, institutions can create an environment that supports high-quality research, contributing to the advancement of knowledge and innovation.