Background: Hemorrhoids are a prevalent condition affecting the anal and rectal area, often resulting in symptoms such as bleeding, pain, and prolapse. While typically benign, they can coexist with other anorectal issues, including anal fissures and polyps. Rarely, neuroendocrine tumors may be discovered in patients with hemorrhoids, underscoring the necessity for thorough evaluation and histopathological examination to identify and address any significant underlying conditions. Case Presentation: This case presentation describes a 39-year-old male who presented to the clinic on August 13, 2024, with a one-year history of rectal bleeding, pain, burning, and prolapse during defecation, along with occasional constipation. Physical examination revealed third-degree hemorrhoids, a chronic anal fissure, and an anal polyp. The primary diagnosis was third-degree hemorrhoids, with secondary diagnoses of chronic anal fissure, anal polyp, and constipation. The patient underwent elective surgical interventions, including stapler hemorrhoidopexy, fissurectomy, sphincterotomy, and excision of the anal polyp, all performed under general anesthesia without complications. Histopathological analysis of the excised hemorrhoidal tissue revealed a Grade 1 neuroendocrine tumor measuring 3 mm, with no evidence of malignancy elsewhere. Postoperative recovery was stable, with the patient reporting no significant complications during follow-up. Conclusion: This case illustrates the complexity of managing hemorrhoidal disease and its potential associations with other anorectal conditions, such as anal fissures and polyps. The identification of Grade 1 neuroendocrine tumors emphasizes the importance of thorough evaluation in patients presenting with rectal symptoms, even when benign conditions are suspected.

To support sustainable environmental management and agricultural practices, this study examines the sophisticated uses of nanoparticles and nanotubes in the remediation of industrial, farming, and sewage wastes and their function in creating biofertilizers. Because of their unique qualities, which include a large surface area, reactivity, and adjustable features, nanoparticles are very good at adsorbing, breaking down, and eliminating contaminants from wastewater. Because of their conductivity and structural robustness, nanotubes further improve cleanup procedures by enabling quick pollutant absorption and destruction, particularly for complex pollutants, including organic compounds, heavy metals, and pesticides. The efficacy, stability, and possible environmental hazards of several nanomaterial types, such as metal oxides, carbon-based nanoparticles, and functionalized nanotubes, are examined in this study. The article also emphasizes the dual use of these nanotechnologies in creating biofertilizers, which can support agricultural yield increase, soil health improvement, and nutrient cycling. This strategy offers a viable technique to lower environmental pollutants and promote sustainable farming methods using nanotechnology in wastewater treatment and agriculture. The paper also discusses the obstacles and restrictions to widespread use, including expense, possible toxicity, and regulatory issues. This article sheds light on nanotechnology's present and potential agricultural and environmental management applications, thoroughly examining its contribution to developing sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.

Abrus precatorius, Linn commonly known as jequirity bean or rosary pea, is a herbaceous flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae. The plant is best known for its leaves and seeds, which are used as beads and in percussion instruments, and which are toxic because of the presence of abrin. The phytochemical evaluation of the different extract of the Abrus precatorius leaves shows the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, sterols, flavanoids, tannins, phenolic compounds proteins and amino acids, fixed oil, and the absence of glycoside, saponin, and anthraquinone. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions from leaves on the growth of Staphylococcus, E.coli, and Pseudomonas. The leaf powder was macerated using 96% ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, and aguish then fractionated using as solvent. The antibacterial activity test using the diffusion method showed that the extract of leaves had antibacterial activity against Staphyloococcus E.coli and Pseudomonas. The most active fraction was the ethanol fraction, with a concentration of 50% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 12.2 mm.

Bangladesh is a creating and Child Labour is one of the fundamental issues of this country. The fundamental points of this study discover the essential reasons for kids are perceived as kid work and attempt to know the causes behind presence a negative connection between youngster training and kid work. This paper means to recognize Health and Safety issues of Child Labour in Bangladesh. Kid work is step by step being perceived as a multi-faceted social issue in our country. Consequently, youngsters regularly have 'no voice' to communicate their own necessities. The state, society, guardians and worldwide organizations need to assume reciprocal parts in disposing of kid work. This infers that all gatherings should be ready to compromise - a cycle that should be monetarily reasonable and at last in light of a legitimate concern for the youngsters who don't have the development to choose for themselves. Specialized collaboration to legislatures, non-administrative associations and different offices in this attempt should be emphatically advanced. This paper audits investigates the kid work circumstance in Bangladesh and the current legitimate structure for youngster work and shows that there remain holes in the lawful and strategy system of Bangladesh.

The cost of Block production which largely depends on the cost of the constituent materials, affects the overall cost of construction. In this paper, a model based on mixture experiment was formulated to optimize cost of block (in Naira). Using the model, one can predict the cost per cubic meter of block if the mix ratios are given. The model can also give possible mix ratios for a specified cost. The model is tested for lack of fit using statically tool and found adequate.

The present study was carried out on Safari Park, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The sampling was carried out randomly in different seasons from different water bodies of the park especially from Lake. Thirty-seven species belonging to six genera i.e., Pediastrum (4 species & 11% abundance), Trachelomonas (4 species & 11% abundance), Euglena (11 species & 30% abundance), Phacus (12 species & 32% abundance), Lepocinclis (1 species & 3% abundance) and (5 species & 13% abundance). All genera belong to kingdom Protista, two phyla i.e., Volvocophycota and Euglenophycota, two classes i.e., Volvocophyceae & Euglenophyceae, two orders chlorocoocales and Euglenales and three families i.e., Hydrodictyaceae, Euglenaceae and Naviculaceae.

Orthodontic retention, the crucial post-treatment phase, helps maintain dental stability and prevents teeth from shifting back to their pre-treatment positions. Traditional retainers like fixed lingual wires and Hawley retainers have been the mainstay of retention protocols for decades. However, innovations in digital technology, material science, and personalized patient monitoring have opened up modern retention protocols that promise enhanced comfort, compliance, and longevity. This review examines both traditional and contemporary retention methods, detailing their benefits and limitations, and discusses potential future trends that could further improve orthodontic retention practices.