The cost of corrosion-related transmission pipeline maintenance, which escalates as pipeline networks age and deteriorates, costs the oil and gas sector billions of naira every year. As a result, pipeline operators should reconsider their approaches to corrosion control. The present study employed the Monte Carlo Simulation model to forecast the rate of corrosion and dependability of pipelines carrying crude oil. The corrosion rate was predicted using a Linear and Power Law Model and discrete random numbers that were simulated from Inline Inspection Data. The study's conclusion demonstrates that the Monte Carlo simulation can forecast the pipelines' corrosion rate with an accuracy of 84.24–97.94%. From Monte Carlo Simulation results, a 2.01 lowest and 15.76 highest were obtained. Every value is within the range of 1.67% to 16.95%. The predicted number of failures is thus provided by the statistical models. Optimal maintenance decisions, risk analysis, and reliability analysis can all benefit from the statistical models' output.

Every year, the oil and gas sector spends billions of naira on transmission pipeline corrosion costs, which rise as pipeline networks age and deteriorate. As a result, pipeline operators must reconsider their approaches to corrosion prevention. Companies are being forced to create precise maintenance models based on failure frequency because of corrosion problems. Future line safety, lowering the frequency of failures, and cost-effective pipeline operation all depend on statistical techniques for modeling pipeline failures and making appropriate maintenance decisions. The present study predicted both the reliability and corrosion rate of crude oil pipelines by combining Monte Carlo simulation with degradation models. Corrosion was modeled using linear and power-law formulations that incorporated discrete random samples generated from inline inspection data. The degradation models were used to assess the mean time for failure (MTFF). The average corrosion rate (CRav) has a lower root mean square error (RMSE) than the largest occurrence projected random number (CRfreq), according to the TML shown against the RMSE of the predicted models. The RMSE for the degradation models ranged from 1.89 % to 17.02 %. This chart shows that the deterioration models correctly predicted the pipeline corrosion rate to be between 83.91% and 98.06%. Also, the Linear Model Law had the lowest recorded value of 1.98% and the most of 16.11%, while the Power Law degradation was the lowest at 1.88% and the most at 17.01%. When compared to the Monte Carlo Simulation value, which is 2.11 at the lowest and 1.01 at the highest, all of the findings fall between 1.89 and 17.02 percent. Consequently, the RMSE of the degradation models varied between 1.89 and 17.02 percent. Additionally, R2 for the Linear Model ranges from 0.925 to 0.990, but it ranges from 0.989 to 0.999 for the Power Model. According to the results, the degradation model has correctly predicted the field corrosion of the pipelines and will be a crucial tool for predicting when the pipelines will break.

This study examined how petroleum products (petrol, kerosene, and diesel) affect the strength of concrete made with lateritic sand and quarry dust. A 1:1½:3 mix with a 0.65 water–cement ratio and 25% lateritic sand plus 75% quarry dust was used. Thirty-nine 100 mm cubes were water-cured for 7–28 days, then immersed in petroleum products for 30–60 days. Water-cured cubes showed steady strength gains up to 15.74 N/mm² at 28 days. In contrast, exposure to petroleum products reduced strength: after 30 days, averages were 12.89 N/mm² (petrol), 11.36 N/mm² (kerosene), and 13.30 N/mm² (diesel); after 45 days, 12.78, 14.19, and 13.53 N/mm² respectively. Petrol caused the greatest deterioration, kerosene moderate, and diesel the least. Petroleum exposure disrupted cement hydration, increased porosity, and weakened the paste–aggregate bond, reducing durability. The study recommends protective coatings, improved mix designs, and strict management in fuel-contaminated environments such as filling stations and garages.

The rise in the discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater in the form of heavy metals Cr6+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ has become an issue of serious concern to the environment and to the general population since these elements are toxic, persistent, and may accumulate in the body. Cr(vi), FE(iii) and Pb(ii) are common toxic contaminants in the Pharma effluents and their quick, effective elimination is paramount in regulation compliance and environmental safety. A simple, scalable synthesis of a bimetallic NiO/CuO nanocomposite was reported in this study through a concurrent coprecipitation-hydrothermal reaction, and then subjected to calcination at 400 0 C. This paper is concerned with synthesis and use of nickel oxide/copper oxide (NiO/CuO) nanocomposites to effectively clean such metal ions that are present in pharmaceutical effluents. NiO/CuO nanocomposite was produced by a slight modification of the sol-gel technique and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to ascertain the structural, morphological and functional characteristics of the material. The effect of pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption efficiency was studied through batch adsorption. It was found that, at a dosage of 0.8 g, the removal efficiencies increase to 100% for Cr, 96.81% for Fe, and 92.40% for Pb. This demonstrates near-complete removal of Cr and very high removal for Fe and Pb, indicating that the adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite is nearing saturation. Kinetics of the adsorption process was in pseudo-second order and adsorbed monolayers on a homogeneous surface which is pointing to Langmuir isotherm. The regeneration studies indicated the multiple adsorption-desorption cycles of the nanocomposite with its stability and reusability. This report establishes the possibilities of NiO/CuO nanocomposites as a powerful, inexpensive, and ecologically safe adsorbent to treat heavy-metal-contaminated pharmaceutical wastewater to be a part of the sustainability of waste sources and pollution prevention.

This paper synthesizes empirical evidence on the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of petroleum exploration and production in the Niger Delta, Southern Nigeria, focusing on soils, surface and groundwater, and local livelihoods. A review of field-based studies, environmental assessments and community surveys reveals pervasive hydrocarbon contamination (TPH, PAHs), elevated heavy-metal concentrations, and widespread degradation of mangrove and farmland soils. Contaminants migrate into surface waters and shallow aquifers, impairing drinking-water quality and fisheries. Empirical studies also document reduced agricultural yields, loss of fish catches, health complaints, and livelihood erosion—effects compounded by weak monitoring, delayed spill response and chronic seepage from aging pipelines. Remediation efforts (engineered excavation, bioremediation, phytoremediation) show variable success; cost, ecological sensitivity (mangroves) and governance deficits limit large-scale recovery. The synthesis concludes that meaningful restoration requires coordinated long-term remediation, rigorous monitoring, community engagement and strengthened regulatory enforcement. Priority actions include hotspot remediation, alternative livelihood support, and establishing transparent contaminant and health-monitoring systems.

Theatre for Development (TfD) is a unique program that falls under the category of applied and community theatre but still faces scepticism as a curricular subject in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This research explores the influence of the Core Curriculum Minimum Academic Standards (CCMAS) of the National Universities Commission on the manner of TfD teaching and practice in Nigerian universities and suggests a repurposed TfD curriculum responsive to local realities and digital divides. We have in this article the comparative document analysis of the course modules and the semi-structured interviews with the lecturers and students of the three universities (University of Benin, Ambrose Alli University, and Igbinedion University). Based on these three sources, the paper not only traces the continuity and divergence of the historical and pedagogical but also identifies the limitations of the CCMAS framework and evaluates how much the student-centred, participatory learning is encouraged by the current curricula. It is revealed that CCMAS standardisation ensures the promotion of uniform learning outcomes, but at the same time, it puts a limitation on institutional autonomy, lessens the emphasis on practice-orientated pedagogy, and does not sufficiently take into account digital and contextual variability. The research ends with suggestions for a TfD programme that is versatile, multi-levelled and focuses on community-based research, participatory methodologies, digital literacies and fieldwork that is sustained. The proposals are about policy revision, university curricular autonomy, and the implementation strategies to make TfD a core, practice-centred component of theatre education in Nigeria.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women that affects both reproductive and metabolic systems and is characterized by insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, focusing on anthropometry, hirsutism, and insulin resistance. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, focusing on anthropometry, hirsutism, and insulin resistance. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ICMH, Dhaka (Oct 2022–Sep 2023) included 66 women aged 18–35 years with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria), grouped by ovarian volume (>10 cc vs ≤10 cc). Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic parameters—including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, Ferriman–Gallwey score, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR—were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Among 66 PCOS patients, Group A showed higher BMI (27.49 vs. 26.07 kg/m²) and HOMA-IR (4.83 vs. 3.59; p = 0.012). A strong correlation was found between HOMA-IR and ovarian volume (r = 0.685, p < 0.001). High insulin resistance (≥3.8) was more frequent in Group A (67.6% vs. 21.9%), conferring 7.5-fold higher odds of enlarged ovarian volume (OR = 7.47, 95% CI = 2.48–22.52). Conclusion: PCOS in women is closely associated with overweight, hirsutism, and insulin resistance, which in turn correlates with increased ovarian volume.