Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, are major contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. Liver dysfunction, manifested as elevated liver enzymes, is a frequent complication in these conditions and can exacerbate adverse outcomes. Understanding the association between liver function abnormalities and maternal or neonatal complications is essential for improving clinical management. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the alterations in liver function among Bangladeshi women with preeclampsia and eclampsia and their association with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled women diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who delivered in Institute of Applied Health Science (IAHS), Foy's, Lake, Chittagong, Bangladesh, from January 2024 to December 2024. A total of 60 eligible participants were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were evenly divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised women with elevated liver function tests (above-threshold LFTs), while Group 2 included women with normal or below-threshold liver function tests (below-threshold LFTs). Maternal data were collected from medical records, including demographic information, obstetric history, and liver function test results. The cohort was stratified into two groups based on LFT results (above-threshold vs. below-threshold). Descriptive statistics and univariable analyses were used to identify differences between the groups, and multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the association between elevated LFTs and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, adjusting for confounders such as maternal age, BMI, and gestational age at delivery. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Among mothers, blood transfusions were significantly more frequent in the elevated LFT group (16%) compared to the normal LFT group (5%, p = 0.011). Composite adverse maternal outcomes were higher in the elevated LFT group (20% vs. 15%, p = 0.38), though not statistically significant. Adverse neonatal outcomes were notably elevated, including NICU admission (68% vs. 52%, p = 0.041) and respiratory distress syndrome (41% vs. 25%, p = 0.029). The composite adverse neonatal outcome was significantly higher in the elevated LFT group (70% vs. 53%, p = 0.035). General anesthesia is associated with higher rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes compared to regional anesthesia, with significant differences in maternal blood transfusion, neonatal ICU admissions, and respiratory distress syndrome. Regional anesthesia demonstrates a safer profile, particularly for reducing neonatal complications. Conclusion: Elevated LFTs in preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with increased maternal and neonatal complications, including higher rates of blood transfusion, NICU admission, and respiratory distress syndrome. Routine liver function monitoring is critical for identifying high-risk patients and implementing timely interventions, especially in resource-limited settings.

Investigation of the inhibiting effects of Dioscorea rotundata, Zea mays and Manihot exculenta leaves extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in a selected media using weight loss method was carried out. The mild steel samples were pre-weighed, immersed in mixture of NaOH, NaCl and H2SO4 solutions with the extracts from the leaves and the control samples immersed in solution of the media with no extracts. The samples were allowed to stand for 672 hours and a set of samples from each environment withdrawn at intervals of 168 hours for corrosion characterization. The research findings indicate that the corrosion rate decreased as a result of the leaves extracts introduced into the media thereby confirming that the extracts functioned as effective and excellent inhibitors in the alkaline, salt and acidic media. Among the three plants extracts used, it was observed that Dioscorea rotundata (Yam) has the best inhibition efficiency in both alkaline, salt and acidic media, followed by Manihot exculenta (Cassava) and Zea mays (Maize) which also showed good inhibition efficiency. The results show the very good potentialities of the leaves extracts for application in the mitigation of corrosion in our various manufacturing industries.

يعتبر شعر المناسبات من الفنون الأدبية الأكثر انتشار لدى الشعراء في دولة صكتو في القرن العشرين وكانوا يقرضون أشعارا في مناسبات وذكريات كثيرة لها أهيمة لديهم, ومن جملة هؤلاء الشعراء الشاعر أحمد صابر, وقد أدلى دلوه في هذا الفن حيث قرض أشعارا كثيرة في هذا المجال في أسلوب رائع مشتمل على الصور الفنية والظواهر البلاغية تشهد على تمكنه في قرض الشعر, والتعبير عما في ضميره وشعوره بكل فصاحة وبلاغة, يهدف هذا البحث إلى الوقوف على نونية الشاعر في ذكرى وفاة والده الحاج محمد نَتَعَالَى, لإخراج ما تضمنته من صور بلاغية وتحليلها حسب توظيف الشاعر لها, ثم الإشارة إلى أهم ما وصل إليه البحث من نتائج. ويشتمل البحث على الكلمات الافتتاحية التالية: الشاعر أحمد صابر, عرض القصيدة, صور بلاغية في القصيدة ,الخاتمة ونتائج البحث..

The study was carried out to detection of H.pylori in (200) patients who attended two teaching hospitals in Baghdad. The diagnosis done by Immunochromatography methods. Stools and blood samples was taken from each patient as well as other (30) healthy control matching in their age. The study included detection the Levels of Interleukin-39 and CRP in sera of patients and control. The result indicated presence of H pylori antigen in 115 cases 59 cases of males and 51 of females, Also, the result indicated increasing levels of IL-39 and CRP in patients sera in comparison with healthy control.

Bone fracture is considered to be one of the common problems faced by the majority of population all over the globe. In this context the only option available with the person affected is the either the plaster or the surgery followed by the plaster. Along with this the anti-inflammatory medications as well as calcium containing drugs are being recommended for the early recovery of the patients. The problem with the medication and plaster is that the person feels a lot of discomfort. Itching, skin irritation, poor blood circulation due to tight plaster, pressure sores, infection with wetting of plaster and displacement of bones with losing of plaster might take place. Even the drugs recommended in this case like analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications might results in potential side effects. In this regard it is better to find some alternate for the same. In the recent, herbal plants are being recommended for the treatment of bone fracture. The different formulations can be designed for the delivery of the herbal constituents as the medication for fracture. In the present paper the detail description of herbal plants are being highlighted which have shown the potential of healing fracture.

The quality and design of instructional materials are fundamental in shaping learners’ motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). This study aims to examine the quality of instructional materials on learners' motivation in MOOCs through the lens of the ARCS Model by John Keller, focusing on Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. By analysing learners’ perceptions and preferences, this research seeks to offer valuable insights into optimizing instructional materials to enhance motivation, engagement, and overall learning effectiveness. The study adopted a quantitative research method to assess the motivation levels of 42 MOOC learners using the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). Results indicated that the participants exhibited positive motivation levels, suggesting that the instructional materials effectively captured their interest and supported their learning experiences. Furthermore, learners expressed overall satisfaction with the quality and presentation of the content provided in the MOOCs. Despite the positive feedback, participants also highlighted areas for enhancement, particularly the need for more interactive elements to sustain engagement. Additionally, some learners recommended greater flexibility in content delivery, ensuring that materials cater to diverse learning preferences. These findings underscore the imperative need for continuous refinement of instructional materials in MOOCs to sustain learner motivation, maximize engagement, and foster a more immersive and effective learning environment. By addressing these critical aspects, MOOC providers can significantly enhance learner experiences and drive academic success in the digital learning landscape.

International humanitarian law and international human rights law are two distinct but complementary bodies of law. They are both concerned with the protection of the life, health and dignity of individuals. IHL applies in armed conflict while human rights law applies at all times, in peace and in war. The interplay between human rights and humanitarian law in armed conflict remains a critical area of legal and ethical discourse. While international humanitarian law (IHL) governs the conduct of hostilities, human rights law ensures fundamental freedoms and protections even in war. This article examines the practical challenges in implementing these legal frameworks, the role of state and non-state actors, and mechanisms for enforcement and accountability. Through an analytical approach, the study evaluates case studies from recent conflicts to assess the effectiveness of international legal instruments.