5G Network strongly depend upon ultra dense integrated small cell beside macro cell. This kind of UDN consists of large number of macro cell and small cells through which increase in energy demands can be met. Practically energy consumption is done by dynamically controlling modes in radio networks. This paper reflects the significant power saving by considering only a subset of network node which reduce traffic migration and control phase signaling. To enable the sustainable UDGN improve system energy efficiency, and alternative energy source are introduce to reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels. In 5G optimizing energy is the most important challenge and maintenance of RF communication system. RF energy harvesting is a unique technique for 5G system as an alternative to traditional energy supply sources. Future evolution of the networks has also been assumed to open many new business horizons for the operators and the need of not only a resource efficient but also an energy efficient ecosystem has greatly been felt. The deployment of small cells has been envisioned as a promising answer for handling the massive heterogeneous traffic, but the adverse economic and environmental impacts cannot be neglected.

This work presents the performance assessment of two industrial gas turbine power plants. The plants are GE M5001 gas turbine and BBC M05864 gas turbine, all operated in Rivers state, Nigeria. The international standard organization (ISO) rating, average operating field data and calculated results of the gas turbine performance parameters were compared. The first law analysis was employed for the calculations, where the exhaust gas temperatures, net power outputs and the thermal efficiencies were estimated. The calculations were done using the pressure ratios obtained from the field for the M5001 turbine, while the ISO value was used for the M05864 turbine. The maximum and minimum power generated as obtained from the field during the period of study are 20.37MW and 19.15MW respectively, obtained at pressure ratios of 8.33 and 7.87 respectively, while the corresponding calculated values are 24.44 MW and 24.17 MW respectively for the M5001 turbine. The corresponding thermal efficiency values calculated are 27.09% and 26.79% respectively. The ISO rating of the turbine is 26.84 MW, the thermal efficiency is 28.4% while the pressure ratio is 10.5. For the M05864 turbine, the ISO pressure ratio of 9.55 was used for the calculations. The calculated power output is 50.196 MW as against the field value of 50 MW. The ISO rating is much higher at 65 MW. There is thus no much difference in the net power output between the field data and the calculated value for the M05864 turbine, but there is significant difference in this parameter for the M5001 turbine. The ISO values are generally higher because the real engines operate at higher ambient temperatures. The comparisons between the calculated values and the field results reveal how well the engines are being operated.

The advancement in the digital world has led to the increase in the demand for the radio spectrum, which eventually has led to the spectrum scarcity and underutilization of it. The under-utilization of allocated spectrum is due to the fixed spectrum allocation to the primary user. This problem can be overcome by an intelligent radio network called Cognitive Radio (CR). The CR helps in detecting the idle spectrum in the radio environment and thus allocating it to the Secondary Users (SU). Cognitive Radio provides reliable service to the secondary user by preventing interference between secondary and primary user. Spectrum Sensing plays the vital role in the Cognitive Radio to sense the idle spectrum and allocate the vacant spectrum for SU. The major and prominent spectrum sensing methods include Energy Based Detection (EBD), Matched Filter Detection (MFD), Cyclostationary Feature Detection (CFD), Covariance Based Detection (CBD) and Wavelet Based Detection (WBD). This paper discusses Cyclostationary based detection method exploit the periodic statistics and spectral correlation of the received signal to detect the presence of the primary signal in the channel. In wavelet based spectrum sensing wavelet transform technique is applied on the received signal to determine the edges in the spectrum of the signal.

Nowadays, supermarkets are almost developed with much technological advancement. People purchase different items from the supermarkets and put them into a trolley because it is the easiest method used in supermarkets to carry goods. However, throughout the whole process of shopping, customer must push the trolley manually by their own effort and when it comes to the billing process customers must wait in long queues to pay their bills. This is a time wasting process due to the busy schedule of people. To avoid these problems the research groups have introduced an effective and highly advance system. To swamp these problems, Shopping malls use this technique as a strategy to increase the number of purchasers. In big cities, we can observe an enormous flash at shopping malls on weekends. This becomes even more when there is diversity of offers and discount. The prevailing billing system is a bit time consuming. So, we thought of inventing a remedial electronic product to catch-up with this problem. We call it “Human Guided Smart Cart for billing system”.

Biomass briquettes can be considered as the best alternative energy source compared to wood fuel. Clean energy in households is a tool to improve human health, lower climate change impacts and save hundreds of millions of people, especially for women and children from toiling during daily fuel collection. To achieve a progressive response in sustainable development Goals, Clean and efficient household energy will improve health, gender equality, sustainable urban environments, and climate action and green recovery post COVID-19. The adoption of the energy from biomass briquettes would help Improve access and adoption of the life changing products to end users influencing their lives socially, economically and financially, improve sales and stability which will translate to more employment and more taxes for the government and improve the economy of Nigeria, achievement of NDC commitment of 20% - 45% emission reduction, generally improve the standard of living and productivity of the end users and also safeguard the environment for future generation. It is therefore recommended that; Legislate policies prosecuting individuals and companies indiscriminately clogging trees for wood fuel and charcoal production binding ministry of forestry, Agriculture and environment with such task, Fund research in order to provide various sustainable raw materials for briquettes production with high calorific value and Provide forest guards with adequate resources and welfare to safeguard our green cover, wildlife and other natural resources.