This review assesses the impact of waterlogging and submergence on crop physiology and growth of important crops in Bangladesh along with its remedial measures. Waterlogging can take place because of heavy rainfall, inadequate drainage systems, natural flooding etc. Oxygen levels diminish very rapidly in waterlogged root environment. So, damage of crops depends on duration and severity of flooding. The oxygen deficient conditions hamper plant growth, development and survival based on their tolerance to excess water. Under such environment plants exhibit metabolic switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic fermentation, resulting in reduced rate of energy production by 65-97%. Anaerobic roots may also die from self-poisoning byproducts of anaerobic metabolism. The flooding also impedes the diffusive escape and/or oxidative breakdown of gases such as ethylene or carbon dioxide resulting in its accumulations. The accumulated ethylene may slow root extension, while carbon dioxide can severely damage roots of certain species. Moreover, waterlogged plants often face the oxidative damage induced by the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, all the plants have the ability to detoxify the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by producing different types of antioxidants such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid, glutathione, tocopherols and carotenoids. Prolonged exposure of plants to flooding conditions could result in root injuries which in turn restrict photosynthetic capacity by inducing certain alterations in biochemical reactions of photosynthesis. Waterlogging is also known to induce adverse effects on several physiological and biochemical processes of plants by creating deficiency of essential nutrients like nitrogen, magnesium, potassium, calcium. Species with inherently surface-inhabiting root systems are notably tolerant of prolonged waterlogging. There are several options for mitigation of submergence and waterlogging problems like breeding of waterlogging tolerant varieties, improvement of drainage systems and changing in crop husbandry. Providing adequate drainage, foliar spraying of fertilizers and hormones can alleviate waterlogging problems. Bed planting in waterlogged prone areas and floating beds in flooded areas are good options for high value crops.

The production and consumption of building materials have increased to leaps and bounds in the past few decades due to tremendous increase in population. As the production of building materials gets increased, generation of waste materials such as fibers, granules, ashes, effluents etc. also gets increased. Nowadays wastes of different types are being used effectively in concrete either partially and fully which helps in making of green concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete is a special type of concrete in which natural or synthetic fibers with different aspect ratios are used to eliminate or reduce crack formation and to improve various mechanical strength properties when mixed along with fly ash, silica fumes etc. in optimal dosages. In order to study the influence of waste on various strength properties of cement concrete, different dosages of cement are replaced with fly ash and also with coconut fiber or wollastonite fiber were added. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were experimentally evaluated and modulus of elasticity was empirically determined. Based on the test results, the concrete with 20% replacement of cement with fly ash and fiber revealed effective results when compared to concrete without fiber. Coconut fiber along with minimum dosages of fly ash has greatly improved the flexural strength on the other hand it reduces other mechanical properties at higher dosages. Combination of Wollastonite fiber with fly ash helps in the improvement of overall mechanical strength of cement concrete.

Distribution transformers, being the most common equipment in a distribution system, are of very great importance and must be properly cared for so that they can perform optimally at all times and last long. One of the major challenges distribution transformers have is the amount of losses in the transformer. These losses are load and no-load losses, of which load losses constitute the most under full and medium capacity operations. Several methods have been proposed in the fight to improve the handling capacity of distribution transformers and reduce the load losses in the transformer. In this study, an analysis is carried out on the effects of linear and non-linear loads on an 11/0.415kV, 200kVA, three phase, two winding oil coiled distribution transformers and three of the methods of loss compensation. These system is modelled and simulated using Matlab Simulink 2015a. The simulation results are collected and using Microsoft Excel, graphs are used to compere the results from the different simulations.

Smart home is a residence with several electrical and electronic appliances that are capable of communicating with each other and can be controlled remotely from any room in the home or from any location in the world. Easy control of home appliances/devices and energy management has been the main goal that leads to the invention of smart homes. However, most of the systems developed for these homes are either complex or could not manage energy wastage efficiently which incurring more electricity bills cost. In this work, an intelligent home energy management system that is based on Least Square Regression (LSR) analysis is presented. The system is trained based on the historical data of occupant’s interaction with the appliances over a period of time. It monitors and computes the power consumption of home user over a period of time. This system takes decision and controlled the output using LSR based on what it learnt by alerting the home user on condition of accept or reject response through Android GUI Apps. The system performance evaluation based on the frequency prediction which is given as 0.77 RMSE, the activation time prediction is given as 127.89 seconds RMSE which is slightly above 2 minutes with a regression coefficient of (R=0.999988). The RMSE of 257.90 seconds for activation of duration prediction with regression coefficient analysis of (R= 0.989071).

Doha, the capital city of the State of Qatar, has undergone rapid economic growth and urbanization over the past 20 years. In contrast with developed countries, where sustainable development has been implemented on a neighborhood scale, sustainable planning research has still been concentrated at the national level and less on the neighborhood level in the State of Qatar. Achieving the development of healthy cities without green and sustainable neighborhoods within them is challenging. The dynamism, livability and diversity of cities rely upon the cohesion of its neighborhoods as they make up the urban fabric from which enduring settlements are formed. Moreover, walkability and connectivity have been identified as two of the central aspects for enhancing neighborhood livability. However, the introduction of the car has transformed traditional pedestrianized street patterns into a car-dominant street network, with traditional walking Souqs replaced by destination-based strip-shopping. This study aims to examine the extent to which the heritage neighborhood site of the Souq Waqif in Doha is livable and what further implementations can be employed to increase its social sustainability (livability).

Lightweight concrete provides numerous benefits compared to conventional concrete, like reduction in dead load and operating costs. One of the prime methods of producing structural lightweight concrete is the utilization of lightweight aggregates. The relevance of waste substances as cement alternate or aggregates in concrete can help a solution in order to reduce negative influences of the concrete industry. One of the agricultural solid wastes derived from the industry of coconut is coconut shell (CS) which processes about 40% lower weight compared to normal weight aggregates. The paper reveals an investigation on the coconut shell as coarse aggregate as well as class F fly ash and sugarcane bagasse ash as complementary cementitious material to produce more environmentally adorable lightweight concrete. Based on the research outcome, the eco friendly structural lightweight aggregate concrete has the ability to be prepared by combining three kinds of waste substances: coconut shell as coarse aggregate and blended Class –F flyash and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a substitution for cement (by mass) up to 60%. The process of replacing the cement by blended Class –F flyash and sugarcane bagasse ash leads to density reduction.

This research work is shows the variability of solar parameters. The parameters that are solar radiation, sun intensity and temperature were optimized and predicted in other to investigate its influence in Permanent site of Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, South Eastern part of Nigeria. The research was conducted for the period of five days, 6:00am to 6:00pm daily on 6th to 10th December, 2017. Measuring the intensity of solar radiation is one of the directions used at investigation of solar power and necessary for the implementation of photovoltaic systems in a particular geographical 'area. Instrument used for measuring the solar radiation is solarimeter which is based on the thermal or photovoltaic principles. The device harness two main components for measuring solar radiation, namely- direct radiation and diffuse radiation, with sensors based on the photovoltaic principles. The research tends to optimize and to develop the intended sun intensity and solar radiation principles and properties of the environs. From the optimization results, the maximum sun intensity of the geographical area is 957.620 w/m2 while the minimum sun intensity of the area is 2 w/m2. However, the maximum temperature of the geographical area is 39.4˚С while the minimum temperature of the geographical area is 18.8˚С. The average sun intensity of the case study is 356.644w/m2. The optimization technic employed will ensure the efficiency of solar radiation, sun intensity and temperature variability of the geographical area in study as a key to climatic issues and solar systems manufacturing.

With computer operations and mobile device technologies expanding, mobile cloud computing has been shaping up as the future of web-based communications. Data security has consistently been a major issue which restricts the further development in mobile cloud. Many measures have been undertaken to improve in cloud computing. As the mobile devices have finite resource and power most of the studies on cloud computing are not convenient on mobile devices. Hence it becomes requisite to diminish the computational overhead in mobile cloud computing. In this paper we come up with a scheme called as light weight data secure sharing scheme for mobile cloud. It embraces CP-ABE which is one of the most suitable technologies for data access control in cloud storage system but alters the framework of access control tree to make it appropriate for mobile cloud environments. External proxy servers are being introduced to reduce the computational overhead on mobile device. Attribute description fields are used to implement lazy revocation which depletes the user revocation cost. The investigational outcome unveils that LDSS is capable to decrease the overhead issues on the mobile device when the data is being shared in mobile cloud environment.

In the present world, due to tremendous development in technology, a huge amount of information is available everywhere. Therefore, it is difficult for the users to understand the main content of the entire document as it takes a lot of time. In this work we use extractive text summarization which uses a method to give the version of summary for one or more file or document. Here we give an approach that maps sentences to nodes of a hierarchical ontology. Ontology explains what exists in a particular domain. For the ontology creation, vocabularies are collected. It is used as background knowledge and helps to find the related meaning of the terms which occur in the source documents. Text mining is the technique from which high quality information is derived from text. Clustering is a significant task. The clustering method groups similar or related terms into a single group. In the first stage, data collection takes place. The preprocessing stage includes stemming and stop words removal.TF-IDF process occurs after which clustering takes place. In the ontology creation, first the determination of the main sub topics of the article of interest is done. We classify sentences to nodes which have a predefined hierarchical ontology. Each ontology node has bag-of-words from a web search. We represent sentences by sub trees that permit to apply measures of similarity and find relations between sentences. The ontology used in this work is not domainspecific; it does not require labelled data. this work can be extended to topics focused on summarization framework to news articles or blogs and to also to various machine learning approaches

In rural areas, goats contribute to the reduction of malnutrition through their production of milk and meat. A review of the zootechnical and reproductive performance of goat breeds in Benin was made from ninety (90) articles, papers and documents related to these goat breeds. The main data concern the taxonomy of goats, their origin, the importance of goat rearing, the description and zootechnical parameters of the goat breeds encountered in Benin. The main local goat breeds encountered in Benin were the dwarf or Djallonke, the Sahelian breed and the red goat of Maradi. The exotic breeds mentionned in this paper concern the Alpine and the Saanen breeds. The zootechnical and reproductive performances varied from one goat race to another, but satisfactory overall. It is worth to focus on the breeding of these short-cycle species in order to meet the ever increasing demand for meat products. Alternatives for improving the performance of local breeds in crossing with exotic breeds constitute some ways to explore in order to boost the production of milk and meat goats in Benin.