Researches on complex networks have been performed across several fields of science, including technical networks, information networks, biological networks and social networks. Researchers have discovered different types of characteristics for complex networks such as regular-coupled networks, random networks, small-world networks and scale-free networks. Application of such network properties to solve real network problems, however, is still at the infancy stage. In this study, some key characteristics of complex networks are critically evaluated, the current state of complex networks and the application of theories of complex network to real network design. In particular, inspired by the average-path-length property and clustering coefficient, they are employed to evaluate the theories. It will also identify some of the challenges in applying these theories to real networks.

Over the years, there has been a sudden increase in the number of vehicles on road. Traffic congestion, is a growing problem everyone faces in their daily life. Manual control of traffic by policeman has not proved to be efficient. Also the predefined set time for the signal at all circumstances (low and high traffic density) has not solved this problem. Mechanisms to use IR sensors to detect traffic density is not very effective as even a single vehicle detected at the last sensor can imply high traffic density even when there is free space in front of it. A model to effectively solve the above mentioned problems by using Internet of things for traffic controlling systems which also gives priority to emergency vehicles is proposed. We use cloud for internet based computing, where different services such as server, storage and application are delivered to an organization. Cloud computing store data on the internet which must give continuous update so that it can handle traffic smoothly. We then use load cell to approximately calculate the amount of time required to clear the traffic on a particular road based on the density of traffic. RF transmitters are used in emergency vehicles to transmit signal to RF receiver mounted on traffic signal. This makes sure the signal is turned green to let the emergency vehicle pass by. A real-time traffic information collection and monitoring system to solve the problem of realtime monitoring and controlling road vehicles is proposed. This system employs key technologies: Internet of Things, Load Cells and RF Transmitters and Receivers to collect, Store, Manage and Supervise traffic information. Multiple advantages of the work are: Cost effectiveness, reduction in waiting/ travelling times with cost and fuel efficiency, traffic surveillance using URL available for smart decision making is of major concern.

The influence of temperature on the bioleaching of iron from silica sand with Aspergillus niger has been studied with three size fractions of silica sand: +120-212µm, +212-300µm, and +300-425µm over the temperature range 40 to 800C for several hours. The experimental data were fitted to the shrinking core model (ash layer diffusion control and chemical reaction control) and a mixed kinetic model that incorporates a multiplying factor, b. Optimal temperature for bioleaching was found to be 700C and the amount of iron leached increased with decreasing particle size, with +120- 212µm being the most effective particle size fraction. The shrinking core model with chemical reaction control and ash layer diffusion control failed to explain the effect of temperature on the kinetics of bioleaching. The mixed kinetic model with the multiplying factor b=0.2 gave a perfect fit to the experimental data after the second hour of bioleaching. At the early part of the bioleaching process where the mixed kinetic model failed, ash layer diffusion seemed to be in control. Based on our work, a staged bioreactor design that relies on the ash layer and mixed kinetics models may be required for the process.

In recent years, location of mobile devices has become an important factor. Location proof of a particular person relies on his/her mobile device position. One of the valuable features of the location proofs tells about accessing the location based services (LBS) by using mobile devices. Location based services allow users to access services based on the users geographical information. The service is mainly based on location proof which is given by the user and the presence of the user at the given location at a given time. We propose a witness oriented asserted location provenance framework by providing a witness and we also generate the cryptoID for each user. This is based on asserted location proof protocol (ALP). We preserve the location information of the user for a long time. Witness oriented application features a web-based service provider, a desktop-based location authority server, an Android-based user app, and a desktop-based auditor. The results show location proofs effectively, which significantly preserve the source location.