Nepal's construction industry faces persistent challenges including payment delays, contract management inefficiencies, supply chain opacity, and systemic governance failures. Blockchain technology offers potential solutions through smart contracts, immutable record-keeping, and transparent shared ledgers. This paper systematically reviews blockchain applications in construction management and documented challenges in Nepal's construction sector from peer-reviewed studies. The review identifies four primary blockchain applications: smart contracts for payment automation, supply chain traceability, immutable document management, and shared transparent ledgers. Documented challenges in Nepal include payment delays (RII=0.80-0.92), contract management inefficiencies (78.6% expert agreement), low bidding averaging 37.52% below tender prices, NPR 20 billion in outstanding contractor payments, land acquisition taking 2-3 years, tree cutting approval taking 2 years, average project lag of 37 months with only 15% completed on time, and 17 National Pride Projects requiring 41 years to complete at current funding levels. Blockchain can strongly address payment delays, document coordination, supply chain tracking, and transparency. Blockchain technology offers targeted solutions for specific documented challenges in Nepal's construction sector.

Global textile supply chains include multiple production stages across different regions, which creates challenges for coordination and monitoring. Limited traceability across these stages results in gaps in visibility and makes verification of material origins and production practices difficult. This study examines traceability systems in multi-tier apparel supply chains, with emphasis on digital documentation frameworks that record supplier transactions, material flows, and production activities. A qualitative analytical approach is used to review documentation practices and traceability mechanisms within international textile production networks. The analysis covers supply chain mapping, documentation structures, and system integration across production tiers. Results indicate that structured traceability records improve visibility, support compliance monitoring, and reduce fragmentation of information among supply chain participants. These systems allow organizations to track production processes with greater consistency and detect irregularities in material sourcing and supplier activities. The study also presents a traceability framework that integrates supplier databases, production records, and digital tracking technologies within a unified system. This framework supports consistent documentation and improves coordination across global apparel supply chains, contributing to transparent and accountable production practices.