Community detection is the identification of different communities or groups that exist within a network. This is useful in social network analysis (SNA) or what is great is performing whole network analysis (WNA), where humans interact with others as part of their various communities, but these approaches are not limited to the study of humans. These methods are to investigate any type of node that interacts closely with other nodes, whether those nodes are animals, hashtags, websites, or any other type of node in the network. In this work, we zoom in on communities that exist in a network. Community detection is a clear, concise, and appropriate name for what we are doing. Communities in the network would be worth exploring and understanding for further purposes. There are several methods and different approaches to detect community, but in this paper, I use two efficient methods to detect whole network which are named Louvain Method (LM) and Girvan-Newman Method (GNM). With LM, we can build a fast algorithm that is effective at community detection in massive networks and optimize the algorithm for better results. Using the GNM, a better approach that can identify the least number of edges that could be cut would result in a split network. We could do this by making an algorithm looking for the edges that the greatest number of shortest paths pass through.

This paper investigates the heat transfer of multi-layer coated tools. An analogous coating layer technique is used to compare multi-layered coated tools to mono-layer coating tools and develop a heat transfer model for mono-layered coating tools. The equivalent heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity of the coating are determined based on the geometric size, initial conditions, and boundary conditions, given the tool rake face temperature. The heat transfer efficiency of the multilayer coating is significantly influenced by the coating layers, the thickness of the layer, and the coating material. The results show that the equivalent coating layer approach is suitable for calculating coating temperature enhancement in the cutting heat transfer. The calculation of cutting temperatures for multilayer-coated tools was conducted and subsequently compared to experimental findings, revealing an error margin of around 10%. The findings of this study indicate that analytical models are also suitable for modelling cutting temperatures in multi- layer coating designs.