Water Pipeline systems are critical infrastructure for the delivery of safe and reliable water to communities. However, these systems are vulnerable to leaks, bursts, and other failures that can lead to water loss, property damage, and disruptions in service. One key factor in the health and longevity of water pipeline systems is the maintenance of proper pressure levels. Monitoring pressure in water pipelines is essential for ensuring that the system is functioning properly, and for identifying potential issues before they become major problems. The development of IoT technology has opened new possibilities for monitoring water pipeline pressure. IoT devices can be designed to collect and transmit pressure data wirelessly, eliminating the need for manual data collection and allowing for real-time monitoring and early warning systems. This study aims to develop an IoT monitoring device for pressure rate profiling in water pipeline systems. The device utilized pressure sensor and GSM module to collect and transmit pressure data in real-time to a cloud-based data management system. Through laboratory experimentation, the developed monitoring system in this study was able to both detect and localize leakages with the possibility of monitoring the leakage over a mobile application. The device also exhibits an average pressure variation of 7.7 KPA which indicates a high consistency.

Fortified moringa salt was a form of food salt. Moringa has contains 46 healthy antioxidant compounds. These antioxidant compounds can neutralize free radicals that damage cells in the body. The addition of Moringa in salt expected to be one source of antioxidants so that salt does not only have NaCl content. The study aims to identify antioxidant activity in moringa fortification salts during storage. Packaging of Fortified moringa salt was aluminum foil and PET plastic bottles. The salt analysis of antioxidant content in 0 days, 10 days, 20 days and 30 days of storage. The temperature and packaging difference had significantly affected the antioxidant activity of the moringa fortification salts, but material packaging significant effect the antioxidant activity. On the 30th day of observation, the IC50 decreased from 27,766 ppm to 46,713 ppm in aluminum foil packaging at a temperature of 27oC. The storage temperature from 27,766 ppm to 34,086 ppm is likewise 45oC. Unlike fortified moringa salt with plastic bottle packaging, the antioxidant activity increased at a storage temperature of 45oC from 27,766 ppm to 10,194 ppm. The antioxidant content in moringa fortified salt included in the extreme antioxidant strength band, with a value below 50 ppm.