Nepal, a developing nation with a population of over 29 million, heavily relies on the construction sector for its economic growth and development. However, delays in construction projects have adversely affected the country's national economy. This research aims to identify the main factors that contribute to construction project delays in Nepal and proposes solutions to address these issues. A detailed descriptive analysis was conducted by reviewing six selected journals. The findings indicate that inadequate planning, weak monitoring, poor site conditions, design changes, lack of construction materials, equipment, and manpower, low bidding of contracts, unrealistic contract durations, lack of coordination among team members, variation of quantities during project execution phases, climate change, inflation, natural calamities, rapid changes in government, strikes, holidays, insufficient budget allocation, and political and governmental issues are the primary causes of construction project delays in Nepal. These delays have significant implications for Nepal's economic growth and development. For example, delays in the construction of critical infrastructure, such as roads and bridges, can hamper access to essential services, hinder trade and commerce, and result in delayed project delivery, increased project costs, negative impact on the project's reputation or impression on donor agencies, stress among concerned authorities, negative impacts on economy and society, strained relationships, and communication breakdowns. To address these issues, all stakeholders, including the government, contractors, and project owners, must be involved in implementing the recommended solutions. The proposed solutions include improving planning and monitoring, ensuring availability of materials, equipment, and manpower, enhancing coordination among team members, realistic contract bidding and duration, and addressing political and governmental issues. The findings of this study have implications for other developing countries facing similar challenges in the construction sector. By implementing the recommended solutions, Nepal can overcome these obstacles and achieve its infrastructure development goals, promoting economic growth and improving the quality of life for its citizens. In conclusion, this research highlights the need for a coordinated effort by all stakeholders to address construction project delays in Nepal, which is critical for the country's progress and development.

Modeling and simulation of pulp mill plant permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) with damper windings using Matlab/Simulink is presented. Pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips, timber, wood products into wood pulp that is used to produce paper, cardboard, thick fiber board, which can be used by a paper mill for further processing. Pulp and paper industry has been considered a large consumer of energy and constitute a native treat to the plant as a result of machines transient due to heavy load variation. Modeling and simulation of pulp mill plant (PMSM) with damper windings show the behavior of machines virtual image environments to test the performance, stability and safety for less cost. It helps the pulp mill plant designers, engineers and technicians to understand the process of creating and analyzing machines model and predict its performance in the real world. Damper winding is an additional property added in pulp mill plant PMSM to damping out any oscillation that may cause any sudden changes in the load on the rotor when in synchronism. It prevents hunting and provides starting torque and dose not requires machines spinning. The rotor field lags the stator by which the load angle changes as a result of load variation. Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is an alternating current (ac) machine whose excitation is provided by the permanent magnet. It has permanent magnet (PM) on the rotor and windings on the stator. PMSM does not have field windings on the stator frame instead, it relies on the magnets to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor interacts to produce a torque. Pulp mill plant PMSM with damper windings was modeling and simulated using Matlab/Simulink as presented in this paper. The electrical and mechanical equations of various steps ware developed in state space form from which the SIMULINK models were built with pulp mill plant PMSM with damper windings using the block-approach method with in-built Matlab/SIMULINK to obtained results for dynamics performance, controllability, stability study and is widely used in the engineering, manufacturing, physical sciences, product development and recommended for pulp mill plant designers, engineers, technicians and plant operators.

At present, the ICT industry of Bangladesh is expanding day by day and improving widely. The significance of the IT sector towards the global economy is increasing rapidly. Bangladesh is currently one of the finest sites to source IT support worldwide. By enhancing IT employee’s performance, this sector can be more ameliorated. Our paper seeks to study about the steps an organization takes to improve their employee’s performance. It also describes the expectation of employees from an organization as well as their environment, employee’s motivation, satisfaction level, and their work engagement. This paper also includes occupational stress levels among employees.

Community participation and collaboration among tourism stakeholders are considered key to promote sustainable tourism planning and development in the destinations. This study aims to critically analyse the role and context of community collaboration with tourism stakeholders to promote sustainable community development in the case of Annapurna Sanctuary Trail (AST) in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal. It has adopted multiple tools of data collection such as household’s survey, key informants interview, participant observation, informal discussion with local residents and archival research for examining the role and context of community collaboration with tourism stakeholders in settlements around AST. The survey results revealed that the current approach of ecotourism development is tenuous and does not truly satisfy the key objectives of ecotourism i.e. fostering inclusive participation and stakeholder’s collaboration. Although tourism has brought significant impacts on the local communities; the extent of these impacts is usually different with difference in the location of households, their level of interaction and exposure with tourists, their capacity and power to involve and influence the participation and collaboration process, and their education, skills, and financial resources. Overall, the existing approach to ecotourism planning is not able to implement the effective and efficient form of collaboration, and hence local community specifically farmers receive minimal benefits from the tourism. It is suggested to empower and enhance the collaborative capacity of local residents to actively participate and influence the planning process for receiving maximum benefits and promoting sustainable community development.