Soil yielding mechanisms and seismic load responses are the key areas of study. The true behavior of soil is revealed by nonlinear analysis. A clump of dirt is used for the analysis. In this study, the Finite Element Model (FEM) forms the basis for the mathematical formulas. Soil analysis in the case of a lumped mass takes into account the soil's one DOF, two DOF, and multi DOF degrees of freedom. In order to determine soil characteristics for MDOF, a soil bore log must be employed. In the instance of MDOF, the soil is composed of 12 distinct layers. SAP 2000 is used to conduct a nonlinear time-history analysis for this research. The hysteresis loops of nonlinear elastic, completely flexible soil undergo permanent deformation. Therefore, it is possible to get insight into the behavior of soil mass during an earthquake by studying lumped soil mass. The soil's nonlinear behavior is investigated using a variety of linear completely plastic hysteretic loops. Soil characteristics are shown to be crucial in this regard. Inadequate soil stiffness may result in persistent deformation, which in turn can lead structures to lean out of alignment. It is also noted that near the soil's surface, amplification is greatest.

The upshot of nonlinear thermal radiation of steady state MHD heat transfer of Jeffrey nanofluid together with prescribed boundary conditions of interest was studied. Essential fluid properties, dimensionless switch parameters with the assistance of the Lie group method were used to transform the convenient partial differential equations that describe the present model into a system of ordinary differential equations. The generalized flow of the present model incorporates Jeffrey parameters and nonlinear thermal radiation. The Mathematical model is first renovated into ordinary differential equations by Lie symmetry group alteration. The renovated equations were solved numerically using a bvp4c MATLAB solver. The Jeffrey parameter serves as a stabilizer on the velocity of the fluid while thermal radiation parameter and heat source-sink parameter improves the flow temperature. Lewis number, chemical reaction parameter diminished the mass transfer flow. Equally skin friction, Sherwood number and Nusselt number were expanded.

As the world continues to urbanize, the construction of transportation highway continuously requires quality pavement which made transportation engineers and experts focus on improving the performance and life of pavements, to which many studies had searched for better materials or modifications that could improve the properties of bitumen and reduce or even eliminate the development of asphalt pavement failures. To this end, the properties of bitumen modified with blend of PET + nanoclay was conducted. The bitumen was modified with PET (0.5 – 4.0% at 0.5% interval), and nanoclay (1.0 – 8.0% at 1% intervals), while the tests conducted on the materials were oxide composition test, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test, penetration test, solubility test, ductility test, flash and fire point test, specific gravity test, softening point test, and viscosity test in accordance with codes and specification. Results from the findings showed that the unmodified bitumen and PET are hydrocarbon materials, while the nanoclay is an inorganic compound and a good reactive pozzolana. More results from the findings showed that the properties of bitumen was improved with addition of PET and nanoclay blend such that the penetration and solubility of bitumen decreases with increase in modifier content, and there was an increase in softening point, flash point, fire point, specific gravity, and viscosity of bitumen as replacement of PET and nanoclay blend increases. Hence, the modifiers (Nanoclay/PET blend) can be used to improve properties of bitumen since they fall within standard and code specification.

The paper assessed 28 Value Engineering (VE) reports of studies conducted by third party VE consultants on Saudi Aramco capital projects from January 2020 to August 2022. The findings indicate that there is an inverse relationship between accepted number of VE proposals and the size of the workshop review team (the larger the team, the smaller percentage of accepted proposals). It, also, showed that accepted number of VE proposals is not influenced by the duration of VE workshops. The paper recommends the optimization of the size of VE teams and optimized workshop durations to be aligned to Saudi Aramco (SA) capital management system project classifications. The recommendations may result in increasing the number of quality accepted VE proposals while reducing the cost of VE workshops.