Palpable breast lumps in females are quite common which can be benign or malignant. After carcinoma cervix, carcinoma breast is the second most common cancer in females. Rapid diagnostic test like Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) which is easy, quick, reliable, affordable and an OPD procedure can be utilized to plan the treatment accordingly. In this study various breast lesions of Pre-menopausal females were evaluated on the basis of cytological findings. This two-year study from January 2013 to December 2015 including 200 cases aspirated from palpable breast lumps of pre-menopausal females. Physical examination of breast lumps was done by palpation with aspiration and Cytological diagnosis was made. In this study most common benign breast lesion was fibroadenoma and among malignant ones medullary carcinoma was predominant (02 cases)

The regulatory role of kisspeptin and its receptor, G protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) on reproductive processes is well documented. The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of non synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in kiss 1 receptor gene of sheep (F 195 L). The amino acid sequence (>HM135393) was retrieved from the data bank of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, db SNP). Analysis using panther indicated the damaging effects of substitution of Phenylalanine with Leucine at position 195 of the amino acid sequence of Kisspeptin. Effects of single nucleotide polymorphism was also predicted to be deleterious by Provean software. The study provide useful information on the potential role of Kiss 1 receptor gene in regulating reproductive traits in sheep. Findings of this research highlights the role of GPR54 as an efficient genetic marker for improving reproductive performance of farm animals.

Background: Diclofenac (DCF) is a drug widely consumed in developing countries like Nigeria, because of its fast and immediate effect on pains. Objectives: The high number of adult males falling victims to BPH made DCF a suspect in the predisposition to BPH. Methods: Thirsty Six (36) Male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group 1; the Normal control (NC) was injected subcutaneously with olive oil only, Group 2; standard group treated with testosterone Propionate in olive oil (3 mg / kg b.wt.). Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with Diclofenac, potassium in solution as low (2 mg / kg b.wt.), mid (4 mg / kg b.wt.), and high (6 mg / kg b.wt.) doses respectively. All animals were fed same diets throughout the twelve (12) weeks. After this period, the rats were allowed to fast overnight then Blood samples were collected and analyzed for liver function, kidney function, lipid profile, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and haematological parameters. Results: The result showed an elevation in liver parameters; ALT, ALP, AST, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin in the treatment groups compared to the control. Conversely, the concentration of Na+, Cl- and HCO3- revealed no significant difference compared to the control while urea and creatinine increased significantly. Haematological parameters showed increase in WBC, PCV, PLT in the treatments groups while RBC, Hb, MCV decreased. For lipid profile; Total cholesterol, TG, HDL and LDL increased significantly in the groups treated with mid and high dose DCF. Conclusion: The level of PSA was found to increase in all the treatment groups compared to the control. This result revealed that DCF-Potassium at high concentration can inter fare with the liver and kidney functions, lipid profile and haematological parameters as well as increasing PSA level. Thus, we conclude that persistent consumption of DCF can likely predispose to BPH.