Different Types of Abnormalities of Newborn with Congenital Anomalies
Dr. Mizanur Rahman, Dr. Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Professor M. Monir Hossain
Page Numbers : 225-229
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i07.003
Introduction: Congenital anomalies are structural, behavioral, functional, or metabolic defects that occur before the birth of a baby, and their nature and type are highly dependent on the causative agent. It refers to changes in embryonic or fetal development caused by genetic, environmental, or unknown factors that result in physical and/or mental impairment. This study aims to evaluate the various types of abnormalities in newborns with congenital anomalies. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine and Pediatric Surgery departments of Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Eighty (80) newborns were included in the study using a purposive sampling method. The study was conducted during the time from April 2012 to September 2012. The aim of the study was to evaluate the various types of abnormalities in newborns with congenital anomalies. A pre-designed questionnaire was completed for every neonate including H/O regular maternal antenatal care with the taking of TT and MMR vaccine, any maternal disease or fever with rash, taking any offending drug, use of abortifacient, exposure to radiation or industrial hazards, feeding habit including smoking or use of alcohol and clinical and anthropological examination. Results: Eighty neonates were presented with congenital anomalies. Male infants were 52(65.0%) and female infants were 28(35.0%). Among congenital heart diseases TGA found in 4(5.0%), TOF 2(2.5%), VSD 4(5.0%), PDA 5(6.3) cases. According to the patient’s abnormalities, hydrocephalus was found in 14(17.5%), encephalocele in 4(5.0%) & meningocele, myelomeningocele was found in 13(16.3%) cases. Club foot in 8(10.0%) syndactyly, polydactyly was in 6(7.5%) and cleft lip and palate were in 16(20.0%) cases. Anorectal malformations were observed in 11(13.8%) cases. Ambiguous genitalia were 11(13.8%) cases. Previous maternal history of abnormal delivery shows Encephalocele, meningocele, myelomeningocele, club foot was 9(11.4%), IUGR 3(3.8%), preterm birth 7(8.8%), stillbirth 3(3.8%) and infants death was 3(3.8%). Conclusion: Most frequent birth defect was cleft lip and/or palate followed by congenital heart diseases, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, ambiguous genitalia, and anorectal malformations. The study of birth defects in underdeveloped countries should continue.
Original Research Article
July 19, 2022
Some Nutritional Indices of Public and Private Secondary School Students in Igbanke, Edo State
Eidangbe, A. P, Onyeogo, V, Iyevhobu, K. O
Page Numbers : 219-224
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i07.002
The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional indices (Glucose, cholesterol, total protein and albumin) and body mass index of students attending public and private secondary schools in Igbanke. The study was conducted on 185 students comprising 95 students from public secondary schools (Igbanke mixed secondary and Igbanke grammar school) and 90 students from private secondary schools (Future hope secondary school and Wisdom comprehensive secondary school) in Igbanke. The research was designed to evaluate and compare the nutritional indices (Glucose, cholesterol, total protein and albumin) of students attending public and private secondary schools in Igbanke. The sample analysis was done at Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. This study was carried out within three (3) months. Our result shows that the mean values of body mass index (BMI) of students in public secondary school and private secondary school are 20.28±4.21kg/m2 and 21.74±4.14 kg/m2 respectively. There is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the values of BMI of students in public secondary school when compared with private secondary school. The mean levels of glucose (Glu) of students in public secondary school and private secondary school are 84.38±12.80mg/dl and 79.48±15.02mg/dl respectively. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of Glu of students in public secondary school when compared with private secondary school. The mean levels of total protein (TP) of students in public secondary school and private secondary school are 6.78±0.86mg/dl and 6.98±0.58mg/dl respectively. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the level of TP of students in public secondary school when compared with private secondary school. The mean levels of albumin (Alb) of students in public secondary school and private secondary school are 3.73±0.61mg/dl and 4.01±0.48mg/dl respectively. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the level of Alb of students in public secondary school when compared with private secondary school. The mean levels of cholesterol (Chol) of students in public secondary school and private secondary school are 154.62±30.94mg/dl and 168.30±14.88mg/dl respectively. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of cholesterol of students in private secondary school when compared with public secondary school. In conclusion, a poor diet can cause deficiency diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, health-threatening conditions like obesity and metabolic syndrome and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis. The findings from this study have shown that there are differences in the nutritional indices of students in public secondary school and private secondary school with public secondary school having lower protein level and private secondary school high cholesterol level.
Mr. Chandra Sekhar Tripathy, Dr. Anil Kumar, Dr. Santosh Kumar Behera, Muhammad Akram, Dr. Asadollah Asadi, Dr. Arash Abdolmaleki, Mr. Amir Mohammad Ostovar-Abarghoee, Easter Khura, Pabitra Kumar Mohanta, Santanu Kumar Budhia, Dr. Deepak Bhattacharya
Page Numbers : 211-218
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i07.001
Backgrounds: Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans via mosquito bites from infected Aedes species (Aedesaegypti or Aedesalbopictus). Dengue fever affects over half of the world's population, or about 4 billion people. Dengue fever is a common cause of sickness in high-risk settings. Methods: In the current study two serotypes of Dengue viruses namely DENV1 and DENV2 taken for the study. Here two important compounds namely Ellagic acid and Ferric Carboxymaltose chosen for the targets to be inhibited. In silico docking approach performed to dock the two compounds against the DENV1 and DENV2 viruses of Dengue. Autodock 4.2 tool chosen for the docking purpose. Results: Dengue i.e., DENV-1 & 2 indicate excellent biding property with Ellagic Acid & Ferric Carboxymaltose of the order -6.02 kcal/mol& -6.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Either are hematinic; pregnancy safe; non-toxic; complete synergy between either vis-à-vis virus targets\binding sites; with supportive therapies; etc. Novel. It was found that, the Ellagic acid is more effective for DENV1 virus and Ferric kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusions: It can be stated that, these two drugs can be better approach for future study against the Dengue viruses and expected drug candidates.
Original Research Article
July 5, 2022
The Combined Therapy of Insulin and Zinc Improves Glucose Uptake and Utilization by Testicular Cells in Diabetic Rats
Ujah, G. A, Emmanuel, I. B, Abim, D, Ani, E. J, Osim, E. E
Page Numbers : 205-210
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i06.004
Glucose uptake by the Sertoli cells of the testes is essential for spermatogenesis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) alters the uptake and utilization of glucose by the testicular cells. This manifests as one of the causes of male subfertility/infertility in diabetes mellitus. With onset of complications even before diagnosis, especially in developing countries, there may be need for therapy beyond the standard therapy. Five normal and twenty diabetic male rats were assigned into groups as follows; normal control had five normal rats with access to food and water only. DM group had five diabetic rats with no treatment. DM and insulin group had five diabetic rats and given subcutaneous insulin twice daily. DM and zinc group had five diabetic rats and given 10mg/kg oral zinc. The final group had five diabetic rats and given both insulin and zinc as above. Treatments in all cases only commenced after fourteen days. Testes were harvested after ten days of treatment for assay. DM decreased both glucose and lactate in the testes. Insulin and zinc improved the uptake of glucose and its utilization as evident in increased production of lactate.
Original Research Article
June 22, 2022
Histopathological and Molecular Diagnosis of Eight Clinical Human Hydatidosis from the Gaza Strip, Palestine
Adnan I. Al-Hindi, Fayek M. Rouk, Hosam Hamada, Abdel Aziz Al-Fara, Abdel Monem H. Lubbad, Shahd Al-Hindi
Page Numbers : 200-204
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i06.003
Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. The present study focused on the multi-diagnosis of a clinical case including; histopathology, the clinical presentation of the patient, and the molecular diagnosis of the tissue. This is a cross-sectional study for patients diagnosed with hydatid cyst disease. Four hospitals in Gaza Strip were included as follows: European Gaza Hospital, AL-Shifa Hospital, Al-Ahli Arab Hospital, and Nasser Hospital (Histopathology Department). A total of 15 clinical cases of hydatidosis are described, with hydatid cysts collected from the four hospitals diagnosed by the clinical presentation of each case, histopathology, and molecular diagnosis. A total of 46.7% of the examined hydatid cyst disease cases were from the liver. The sequencing and analysis revealed one genotype of E. granulosus (G1) responsible for these human hydatid cysts. It is concluded that hydatid cyst disease occurrence is confirmed in the examined human tissue samples and belongs to genotype G1. It is recommended that hydatisosis is known among senior surgeons, we recommend that these cases should be presented in front of early career surgeons, interns and Internists in Gaza Strip Hospitals.
Original Research Article
June 9, 2022
Toxicological Indices of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil Ecosystem
Ebulue, M. M
Page Numbers : 190-196
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i06.001
Assessment of the level of contaminations from possible impact of crude oil on soil ecosystem is imperative for the determination of environmental acceptability. This study investigated this impact ex-situ using a culture-dependent approach to evaluate the total microbial counts; physicochemical tools to determine the cation exchange capacity (CEC), metal leachates, exchangeable bases (Mg, Ca, Na and K), pH, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and the overall effects on plants as indices of toxicity. The experiment demonstrated that at 1.5 – 3.5% contamination across days-zero to -28, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from 0.03 ± 0.00 to 0.07 ± 0.00 with increase in acidity from pH 5.2 ± 0.00 to 4.0 ± 0.00 and a reduction in cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 0.82 ± 0.05 to 0.70 ± 0.11mEq and exchangeable bases with an augmented increase in phytotoxic elements and metal leachates. A reduction in microbial biomass from control, 1.30 x 109, to 3.6 x 108 cfu on week one as contamination increased and induction of hydrocarbonclastic organisms thereafter across weeks two and four, 3.88 x 108 and 4.40 x 108 cfu respectively was an indication of a reduction in microbial diversity. Ecosystem dynamics and mineralization were impaired and disrupted and the entire soil biochemistry altered with adverse effects on plant health.
Original Research Article
May 29, 2022
Improved Reproductive Functions of Male Wistar Rats Administered with Leaf Extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius
This study investigated the effects of hydromethanol leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on some male reproductive functions in Cadmium chloride (Cdcl2) toxicity-induced male Wistar rats. Twenty four adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were divided into four groups (6 rats each) as follows: Group 1 (negative control), Group 2 (positive control) which received 5mg/kg CdCl2, Groups 3 and 4 received 200 and 400 mg/kg BW of extract and 5mg/kg CdCl2 respectively. Duration of extract administration was 30 days, while males were co-habited with females in the last 10 days of the study to determine fertility index. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed following light chloroform anaesthesia, while samples were collected for analysis. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, saponins, triterpenoids and cardenolide; and the analysis of data was by SPSS version 23. The analysed result indicated that the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in FSH and testosterone levels. The percentages of viable sperm cells, sperm cells with normal morphology and actively motile sperm cells as well as sperm count were significantly increased. In addition, the fertility index in the rats that received higher dose (400mg/kg) of the extract was significantly increased. Conclusively, extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius mitigated against Cdcl2 induced toxicity in some reproductive parameters of male Wistar rats.
