Intersectins as Novel Protein for Viral Endocytosis- A Mini Review
Dluya Samuel Thagriki
Page Numbers : 25-32
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i01.003
Intersectins (INSTNs) have been defined as scaffold proteins that have several biochemical functions. Initially INSTNs are described as endocytic regulators and function in different signalling pathways including Ras and Ras-like GTPases, PI3Ks and RTKs in several diseases. Recently, INSTNs have been reported in viral endocytosis. INSTNs was found to be upregulated in transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed protein from Dengue virus serotype four from our recent data. Hence, this review summarises the role of INSTNs in viral endocytosis by interaction with signalling pathways. INSTN-2 interact with K15 protein of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus by selective SH3 domain, INSTN-1 interaction with Epstein-Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein 2 (LMP2A), while direct interaction of NPF motifs at C-terminus of A36 with INSTN-1 and Epsin15 homology domains recruiting AP-2 and clathrin mediate viral release was reported in Vaccinia virus. Most recent, INSTN-2 was shown to regulate adaptive immune response during viral infectivity. This was discovered when mice deficient in INSTN-2 exhibited high mortality rate, impaired antibody responses to vaccination and reduced germinal centre formation in Influenza A virus. This review revealed INSTNs as essential viral endocytic proteins. The review also highlights INSTNs role in other diseases and the regulation of signalling pathways. Targeting INSTNs could be important for the development of pharmaceuticals against viruses and diseases. More study is required to establish the mechanistic role of INSTNs for viral endocytosis.
Original Research Article
Jan. 17, 2022
A Study of Biomedical Waste Management Status in Primary Health Centres of Guwahati, Assam
Anupjyoti Basistha, Dr. Mridula Saikia Khanikor
Page Numbers : 21-24
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i01.002
Biomedical waste (BMW) is generated mainly by health care establishments. The management of BMW is still infant all across the world. According to Biomedical waste management rule 2016 (amended in 2018),the health facilities need to ensure proper segregation of BMW and pre-treat the waste at the facility before disposal/handing over the equivalent to Common Bio Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBMWTF). A detailed study on BMW status in few of the Primary Health Centres (PHC) of Guwahati was carried out. The study depicts that only 30 % of the facilities does have nodal person to monitor the BMW activities. None of the facility having coloured plastic bin/bags with biohazard symbol, designated waste route, weighing machine and centralized storage area. Collection of BMW by the CBMWTF was average twice a month.
Original Research Article
Jan. 10, 2022
The Effect of Inhaled Anesthetic Halothane on Liver Cells (Experimental Study of Halothane Toxic Effect in BalbC Mice)
Aisha Abduljalil Ashammam, Amal Masri Iwhida, Abtisam Miftah Dhaw
Page Numbers : 1-20
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i01.001
Adverse effects of halothane on the liver range from liver dysfunction to hepatitis, and are more frequent following repeated use. Medical personals are in risk of chronic exposure of wasted halothane. However, there are limited literatures about this effect based on time exposure. To identify and analyze the liver cells changes of halothane exposure to liver cells of Balb/C mice. This experimental study used randomized post-test only control group design in 30 male BalbC mice given 0.011 mg/weight halothane 3 hours daily for two weeks (group 1), four weeks (group 2), six weeks (group 3), six weeks followed by 2 weeks of halothane free (group 4), and without exposure (control group). The liver tissues were HE stained and observed for enlarge, karyorrhexis, and karyolitic of the nucleus. Immunohistochemistry was undertaken to count the percentage of cytocrome-P450 stained brown colour and scored based on its intensity. The difference among groups and between each group were statistically significant (p< 0.05), except between group 2 and 4 (p = 0.078), and between group 3 and 4 (p = 0.522). The difference of cytocrome-P450 expression among groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.266). There was statistically significant difference of abnormal liver cell nucleus changes in groups with different time of halothane exposure (p = 0.000) while no statistically significant difference of cytocrome-P450 expressions (p = 0.266) was found. The nucleus changes were gradually increased with the time of exposure.
Original Research Article
Dec. 30, 2021
Various Reconstruction Modalities of Ramal Condylar Unit (RCU) in TMJ Ankylosis Patients: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Centre
Ikbal Hossain, Vivek Saxena, S Jayanth Perumal
Page Numbers : 317-321
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2021.v06i12.007
Introduction: Comprehensive management of TMJ ankylosis including restoration of form, function and aesthetics is a challenging aspect for Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon. Various treatment modalities have been reported in the literature with their merits, demerits and diverse success rate. Materials and Method: We report our experience in reconstruction of Ramal Condylar Unit (RCU) in temporomandibular joint ankylosis patients in a retrospective review. A total of 06 cases of TMJ ankylosis were included in the review. The cases were managed in our tertiary care centre from June 2019 to June 2020. Demographic distribution of the patients, preoperative findings, surgical modalities used for RCU reconstruction and postoperative outcome were recorded and compared. Results: Average mouth opening increased from 8.5 mm pre-operatively to 29.5 mm 3 months postoperatively. 02 cases of Sawhney’s type I and II ankylosis were managed by interpositional gap arthroplasty using temporalis myofascial flap. 01 case of Sawhney’s type I ankylosis was managed by gap arthroplasty interposed with dermis-fat graft. 02 cases of Sawhney’s type III ankylosis were managed by osteoarthrectomy and reconstruction of RCU by costochondral graft. In 01 case with Sawhney’s type III ankylosis, functional joint was reconstructed using distraction osteogenesis. We encountered 01 case of recurrence in a case managed by costochondral grafting. Conclusion: Amongst the various modalities suggested in the literature, the RCU reconstruction with distraction osteogenesis and costochondral grafting provide best result functionally and aesthetically. The diagnosis, timely management and post-operative follow up are the key to success in TMJ ankylosis.
Original Research Article
Dec. 21, 2021
Factors Influencing Smoking among School Children
Dr. Mohammad Shafiqul Alam Chowdhury, Professor Abid Hossain Mollah, Professor Dr. Ahamed Murtaza Chowdhury, Zebun Nesa Hyder, Dr. Md. Delwar Hossain
Page Numbers : 311-316
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2021.v06i12.006
Introduction: Smoking is the single most preventable health risk and important cause of premature death worldwide. According to WHOM about one third of entire population of the world are smokers. Objective: To determine the risk factors of influencing smoking among schoolchildren in Dhaka city. Material & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in high schools of Dhaka city during June 2006 to December 2006. Students of class VIII, IX, X and 12 schools were selected by random table selection. A total of 2474 participants were included for the study. The collected data were analyzed by using Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS-24) programme for windows version 10.0. Results: Age of the study children was between 12 to 18 years. Male and female students were 1876 (75.8%), 598 (24.2%) respectively. Among 1950 male students 702 (36.0%) were smoker and 524 female students 90 (17.0%) were smoker. Five hundred and four (63.6%) started their smoking due to curiosity, 184 (23.2%) stared smoking because their friends also do smoke, 40 (5%) smokers smoke because their father smoke. Friends know about smoking in 545(68.2%) cases, near relatives in 33 (4.2%) cases, mothers in 47 (6.0%) cases and father in 15 (2%) case. Eighty-one (10.4%) students smoke to get friends cooperation and 183 (23%) students smoke to be more acceptable to his or her friends. 573 (72.8%) were willing to leave smoking because smoking was injurious for health. Conclusion: It has been identified that friends influence, curiosity and a belief that ‘smoking relieves anxiety’ played a major contributory role in initiation of smoking. Adolescents should be careful in selecting friends, as friends influence is the prime initiator of smoking behavior.
Review Article
Dec. 19, 2021
Beneficent Role of Lycium Barbarum on Liver Health
Aisha Malik, Irum Naureen, Aisha Saleem
Page Numbers : 291-297
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2021.v06i12.003
Lycium Barbarum (wolfberry, goji berry, gouqizi, 枸杞) is a Chinese herbal drug located in Asia and South east Europe. The fruits of Lycium Barbarum are 1 to 2 cm long and are bright orange red in color. The speedy increase in the occurrence diseases has led to more research which contributes in the prevention and treatment. Goji berries contain many nutrients and bioactive compounds which allowed classifying them as superfruits. A short description of the fruits is presented together with cultivation requirements. The chemical composition of the berries and their health-promoting properties are described later in this literature review. There are potentially, very beneficial in dietary prevention of diseases, and affluence, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Lycium Barbarum is beneficial in all aspects including hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-aging, immunological, neuroprotection, and ant fatigue, control of glucose, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant properties. Lycium Barbarum juice is beneficial in many aspects including cardiovascular effects, blood pressure and pulse rate, neurological and psychological effects and musculoskeletal complaints. Goji ingredients that is potentially beneficial, and harmful for the human health, show allergic reactions and the interactions with other substances. High dietary fat intake has been shown to be associated with the development of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and other physically degenerative disease.
Original Research Article
Dec. 19, 2021
Anthropometric Study of the Length of Digits in the Left and Right Hands of the String Players in Port Harcourt
Gwunireama I. U1, Ukoba O, Ogoun T. R
Page Numbers : 307-310
DOI : 10.36348/sjbr.2021.v06i12.005
Purpose: This work was aimed at documenting the anthropometric variations of the lengths of digits in the left and right hands of string players. Materials and methods: A total of 100 subjects were randomly selected on voluntary consent (50 string players and 50 non-string players used as control) irrespective of ethnicity. Vernier caliper was used in measuring the medial four fingers of their left and right hands and documented. Findings: Data was analyzed using statistical package for social science ( SPSS) software version 20.0 and the differences compared using student’s t-test at 95% confidence level, at 0.05 level of significance(P< 0.05). The results showed a difference in the mean digit lengths of the right hand with the control group being greater, this was however only statistically significant (P< 0.05) in the Right Middle Finger (8.13±0.53) as against the string players (7.99±0.69). The mean digits lengths of the left hand was greater in string players with the average difference of 0.32cm, this was however only significant (P<0.05) in the Left Middle Finger (8.14±0.70) when compared to that of the control (8.04±0.49). The mean digits length of the left hand is statistically significantly greater than the right hand in string players (P<0.05). However, the mean digits lengths of the right fingers in every humans are greater as seen in the control though not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Length of digits is greater in the right hand in non-strings players but greater in the left in spring players and could be a useful tool in forensic science especially in identification of individuals in relation to their skills during investigation.
