Background: Reports have shown that approximately 529,000 maternal mortality due to pregnancy-related causes annually and almost all (99%) of these maternal deaths occur in developing nations. Aims and Objectives: To study the direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality. Materials and methods: Sixty three women were studied at Department of Obstrectics and Gynecology, Sultania, Zanana Hospital, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal from April 2008 to March 2009. Age, parity and direct and indirect causes of mortality were recorded. Results: Out of 63 maternal deaths, majority (74.6%) occurred due to direct causes and 25.4% due to indirect cause. Most common direct cause of mortality were Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (42.85%) followed by hemorrhage (15.87%) and septicemia (12.70%). Most common indirect cause of maternal mortality were severe anemia (37.5%) and complicated malaria (37.5%). Conclusion: Contribution of direct causes was more in the maternal mortality, of which Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, hemorrhage and septicemia were most common

Previous attempts have been made to determine the role of maternal serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between maternal serum free β-hCG and the development of pre-eclampsia as well as to evaluate its utility as a predictive test for pre-eclampsia. This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in the antenatal clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. A total of 200 pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited between 14-20 weeks of gestation. However, only 188 of them were completely followed up till delivery. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain data of the subjects. Their blood samples were taken under aseptic technique for quantitative free β-hcg estimation using the ELISA technique. The subjects were then followed up till delivery and observed for development of pre-eclampsia. Correlation between serum free β-hCG concentration and blood pressure was studied while a logistic regression was used to determine a prediction model for pre-eclampsia. The result showed that there was statistically significant positive correlation between the maternal serum free β-hCG concentration with the mean systolic blood pressure (r= 0.432, p= 0.000) and mean diastolic blood pressure (r= 0.364, p= 0.000), among women with pre-eclampsia. The logistic regression model was statistically significant (Wald (X2) = 26.13, P= 0.000). Using a Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC), the sensitivity and specificity of free β-hCG as a diagnostic test in pre-eclampsia was 61.1% and 96.5% respectively with cutoff point of 282.3mIU/ml. The study concluded that elevation of maternal serum free β-hCG in early second trimester is a useful indicator to identify women who are likely to develop pre-eclampsia in the same pregnancy

The numbers of female that suffer from thyroid diseases are vast. But the question of the hour is whether there are any arterial variations in the female population of the costal population. The Thyroid gland is richly supplied by the blood vessels. In fact according to some studies its blood supply can be compared to that of the kidneys. Knowledge of the arterial variations is the key for the success of surgeries when it matters the most. This study puts in an effort to find the Arterial variations of thyroid gland in females so as to find if there are deviations from the normal population and also provides us with a useful data for the operating surgeons. The clinical implications of the study are vast

This was an observational follow-up study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of child & mother health, Matuail, Dhaka. From January, 2014 to July, 2014. After getting approval from the authority, we selected our study participants by a purposive sampling technique and maintaining inclusion criteria. Consecutive 100 patients who were admitted in the hospital, were our study participants. The study observed in group I (44%) have normal BMI, in group II (35.2%) have lean BMI, in group III (15.4%) have over weight BMI and group IV (5.5%) have obese BMI. Birth weight <2.5 in group-II. Neonate complications was highest in group –I & group-II. The new born term babies’ outcome status is much higher than preterm babies in all the four groups. APGAR score were <5 in group-II, group-III and in group-IV. Mean birth weight was highest in group-IV, representing 3.76. Mean hospital stay was highest in group-II patients, representing 8 days. Maternal BMI is a potentially modifiable risk factor for adverse outcomes that can occur during pregnancy and the neonatal period

Objective: To evaluate by Ultrasound the lower uterine segment thickness of women with previous Cesarean section delivery determine critical above with safe vaginal delivery is predictable. Patient and Method: The study done in AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in AL-Najaf; attachment of Kufa university department of Obstetric and Gynecology. Kufa, Najaf. Among 200 patients with previous lower segment Cesarean section, Ahistory taken including gestational age, the interval between the pregnancy and previous Cesarean section, causes of previous Cesarean section and if it is emergency or elective. Ultrasound finding for this pregnancy including gestational age, lower segment uterine thickness. Result: In this study successful vaginal birth after Cesarean section = (59 %) elective second Cesarean section delivery (10 %) . failed trial of labour (30 %) uterine rupture scar ( 1% ) that is mean only two patients get rupture uterus among 200 patients. Conclusion: Ultra sound evolution permit better assessment of risk of scar complication intra partum could allow for safer management delivery

Intra-uterine copper devices (IUCD) are one of the most widely used reversible contraceptive methods used in India due to its lost cost, easy availability and long duration of action. However it is associated with few complications, one of the most important among which is uterine perforation and IUCD migration. IUCD might migrate into abdominal cavity, intestine and very rarely into the urinary bladder. Authors hereby report a rare case of 35 years old woman who presented with suprapubic pain since 1 month and found to have lost Copper T in the urinary bladder, which was inserted 14 years back postpartum. Laparotomy with cystotomy was done and complete IUCD was retrieved from wall and cavity of bladder successfully. Authors hereby review the literature regarding migrated IUCD found in the urinary bladder

Maternal mortality ratio in India is 199per 100000 births, MMR in Rajasthan is 208 per 100000 live births and MMR in Udaipur is 284 per 100000 live births (2016) [1]. Leading causes include post partum hemorrhage (30%), sepsis, unsafe abortions, rupture of uterus and obstructed labor [2]. Emergency hysterectomy in obstetrics is rarely indicated and is always debatable but if performed timely and wisely can be life saving [3]. In the present study 24 cases (92.30%) belonged to age group of 26-35 years. 22cases (84.61%) belonged to Para 3 and 4. 14 cases (53.84%) required emergency obstetric hysterectomy to control atonic post partum hemorrhage . 6 cases (23.07%) were due to rupture of uterus , 4 case (15.38%) was due to sepsis 1 case due to cervical ectopic pregnancy. 20(76.92%) were unbooked cases with no antenatal care. There was no maternal mortality. Aim of the present study is to help reducing maternal morbidity and mortality and to suggest ways of improving maternal outcome