Leaks and misuse of banking customer personal data in Indonesia are increasingly common along with the acceleration of digital transformation. Although Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) has been passed, the burden of proving fault still often presents a challenge for customers as the injured party. This study aims to analyze the urgency of implementing the principle of strict liability as a legal protection instrument for customers in cases of personal data misuse by banking institutions. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results show that the application of the principle of fault liability in the highly regulated banking industry is no longer relevant due to information asymmetry and the complexity of information technology systems. Adopting the principle of strict liability holds banks accountable for any failure to protect data without requiring customers to prove fault on their part. The implementation of this principle is expected to encourage banking institutions to maximize cybersecurity standards while providing legal certainty and redress for customers more effectively and efficiently.

The increasing generation of electronic waste (e-waste) presents growing environmental and public health challenges, particularly in countries with limited formal waste-management capacity. In Cameroon, e-waste is increasingly managed through informal activities, while existing systems remain inadequate to address its growing volume and complexity. This article examines Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) as a policy option for improving e-waste management in Cameroon. Using an analytical approach, it examines the concept, objectives and mechanisms of EPR and assesses its application in selected jurisdictions, including Ireland, Germany, South Africa and Nigeria. The analysis shows that EPR reallocates responsibility for the management of products at the post-consumer stage, placing primary financial and/or operational responsibility on producers, while defining complementary roles for importers, consumers, government authorities and waste management actors. However, the comparative experience also demonstrates that EPR cannot simply be transferred from one jurisdiction to another without considering institutional capacity, market structure, enforcement mechanisms and informal waste-management practices. The article therefore proposes a context-specific and phased approach to EPR in Cameroon, supported by an appropriate legal and institutional framework. Properly designed and enforced, EPR could complement existing waste-management measures and provide a more sustainable framework for e-waste management in Cameroon. The Cameroonian legislator should therefore establish a clear and sufficiently broad legal framework for EPR to ensure its effective application to e-waste management.