This study investigated gender- and age-based differences in the quality of life (QoL) of residential school adolescents using the WHOQOL-BREF framework. A total of 216 students from residential schools in West Bengal, India, participated in the study (Male 14–15 years: n = 68; Male 16–17 years: n = 46; Female 14–15 years: n = 51; Female 16–17 years: n = 51). Participants were assessed across four Quality of Life (QoL) domains: physical health, psychological health, social health, and environment. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to examine the combined effects of gender and age, followed by univariate analyses to identify domain-specific differences. The results revealed a significant gender difference only in the physical health domain, with males reporting higher physical health than females. No gender differences were found in psychological, social, or environmental domains. However, significant age differences emerged in these three domains, with younger adolescents reporting better overall QoL than older students. The findings highlight developmental and contextual influences on adolescents’ lived experiences and underscore the need for residential schools to implement age-sensitive psychosocial support mechanisms to promote holistic well-being. These findings have implications for educational planning and student support systems in residential school settings.

Power electronic converters have been at the center of industrial systems and various energy systems such as renewable energy systems, industrial motor drives, and grid-connected power systems. The systems face harsh conditions, making reliability an essential factor for the design. The traditional procedure for the design of converters considers the reliability of the system after the parameters have been selected for the design, making it difficult to consider the parameters of the system during the design stage. This paper proposes a reliability-oriented design optimization framework for power electronic systems operating in industrial and utility-scale applications. The proposed methodology integrates electro-thermal modeling, physics-of-failure lifetime estimation, and mission-profile-based stress evaluation within a unified multi-objective optimization framework. Junction temperature profiles and thermal cycling patterns are obtained through electro-thermal simulation under realistic operating conditions. Device lifetime is then estimated using fatigue-based models, and the resulting reliability metrics are incorporated into a multi-objective optimization algorithm that considers lifetime, efficiency, and system cost. A case study involving a 500-kW grid-connected converter demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the optimized design reduces thermal stress and increases predicted semiconductor lifetime from 6.8 years to 13.6 years while maintaining high efficiency with a moderate increase in system cost. The proposed framework provides a systematic approach for reliability-oriented design of industrial power electronic systems.

Industrial IoT systems rely heavily on wireless communication, yet security and regulatory compliance are often addressed separately during system development. This paper examines how wireless infrastructure security can be integrated with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and radio frequency (RF) regulatory requirements at the design stage. It analyzes common wireless attack vectors in industrial settings, including jamming, spoofing, and protocol exploitation, and evaluates how regulatory constraints influence hardware and network architecture decisions. A security centered device architecture is proposed where RF shielding, grounding schemes, spectrum allocation, and firmware isolation are treated as interconnected design elements. The framework incorporates zero trust communication principles within industrial wireless networks while maintaining compliance with EMC standards such as IEC 61000 and relevant RF certification requirements. The study demonstrates that early coordination between cybersecurity engineering and compliance engineering reduces redesign cycles and certification delays. The proposed model offers a structured pathway for building industrial wireless systems that meet both security and regulatory obligations without post development modifications.

Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures (EBGS) have emerged as an effective technique for suppressing undesired harmonic components in microwave and RF systems. Harmonic distortion degrades signal integrity, reduces power efficiency, and increases electromagnetic interference in communication and power electronic circuits. This research presents the design and simulation of an EBGS based microstrip bandpass filter aimed at achieving compact size, sharp selectivity, and effective harmonic suppression. The proposed structure integrates periodic defected ground plane patterns beneath a microstrip transmission line to create frequency selective stopbands while preserving passband characteristics. MATLAB based modeling and full wave electromagnetic simulations were performed to analyze S parameters, insertion loss, return loss, and harmonic rejection performance. The results demonstrate that the EBGS based bandpass filter significantly attenuates second and third harmonics while maintaining low insertion loss within the desired passband. The proposed design provides improved selectivity and compactness compared to conventional microstrip bandpass filters. The study contributes to the advancement of high-performance filtering solutions for wireless communication systems, radar applications, and RF front end modules.

Functional nutrition plays a pivotal role in aquaculture by promoting fish growth, enhancing immune responses, and mitigating the impact of environmental and pathogenic stressors. With the intensification of fish farming and growing concerns over antibiotic resistance, the use of functional feeds including nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics, antioxidants, and immunostimulants has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional practices. This review critically examines the nutritional requirements of fish, explores the bio efficacy of various feed additives, and evaluates their roles in gut health modulation, disease resistance, and stress mitigation. We also discuss proactive health management strategies and the integration of vaccination and feed-based interventions. The review highlights current advancements, identifies research gaps, and emphasizes the need for precision in formulating functional feeds tailored to species-specific requirements. This integrated nutritional approach supports healthier fish stocks, improves aquaculture productivity, and reduces the industry's ecological footprint.

This article examines the evolving, dual role of Nigerian legal practitioners within the anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CFT) framework. It traces the historical emergence of money laundering in Nigeria. It analyses the progressive development of legal and regulatory responses, highlighting the profession’s initial resistance to being designated as a Designated Non-Financial Business or Profession (DNFBPs). This resistance, rooted in the sanctity of attorney-client privilege, created a regulatory gap that was often exploited for illicit financial flows. The article critically assesses the pivotal shift introduced by Chapter Two of the 2023 Rules of Professional Conduct (RPC) for legal practitioners. This new chapter represents the legal profession’s formal, self-regulatory acknowledgement of its responsibility in combating financial crimes. It imposes specific obligations on lawyers, including client due diligence (CDD), record-keeping, risk assessment, and the mandatory reporting of suspicious transactions to the Nigerian Bar Association Anti-Money Laundering Committee (NBAAMLC). This research adopts a doctrinal research method. The RPC 2023, particularly Chapter Two, imposes significant Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CTF) obligations on legal practitioners, effectively casting them in a "dual role" as both zealous advocates for their clients and essential gatekeepers for the financial system. This dual mandate creates an inherent tension, particularly concerning the sacred duty of client confidentiality and the mandatory reporting of suspicious transactions. Finally, the article identifies key challenges to the effective implementation of this new ethical regime, including potential resistance from practitioners, weak enforcement mechanisms, and inadequate awareness. It concludes that for Nigeria’s AML/CFT efforts to be robust, lawyers must embrace their dual role not merely as client advocates but as essential gatekeepers of the financial system’s integrity. The successful implementation of Chapter Two’s provisions will be crucial to reshaping professional ethics and bolstering Nigeria's fight against money laundering and terrorism financing.

This article examines the pervasive yet under-documented issue of sexual assault and harassment of female lawyers by their colleagues within the Nigerian legal profession. Despite the profession's role as a custodian of justice, it is rife with significant gender-based discrimination, abuse, and impunity. This study synthesises data from recent empirical reports, analyses the existing legal and regulatory frameworks, and evaluates the cultural and structural factors that perpetuate this problem. Through an examination of landmark cases, such as Ejieke Maduka v Microsoft Nigeria, and the policies of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), this research highlights the profound disconnect between legal ideals and the lived realities of many female practitioners. It finds that a combination of patriarchal societal norms, hierarchical professional structures, economic vulnerability, and inadequate reporting mechanisms creates an environment in which sexual misconduct thrives, and victims are silenced. The research concludes with comprehensive recommendations for legislative, institutional, and cultural reforms to foster a safe, equitable, and just legal profession for all practitioners in Nigeria.