Climate change poses significant risks to economic stability and sustainable development, necessitating a reorientation of corporate governance frameworks toward environmental accountability and innovation. This paper examines the role of corporate law in advancing green-tech governance in Nigeria, arguing that the existing shareholder-centric model under Nigerian corporate law is inadequate for addressing climate-related risks and promoting climate-smart technologies. Using doctrinal legal analysis, the study interrogates Nigeria’s corporate law framework particularly the Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 2020, the Climate Change Act 2021, and related regulatory instruments to identify gaps in sustainability reporting, director accountability, ESG integration, and incentives for green innovation. The article situates Nigeria’s experience within global developments in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) theory and stakeholder-oriented corporate governance. It contends that the absence of mandatory climate-risk disclosure, weak enforcement mechanisms, and limited statutory incentives undermine the effectiveness of corporate participation in climate mitigation and adaptation. The paper proposes a reimagined corporate law framework that embeds ESG duties into directors’ obligations, mandates climate-risk disclosure aligned with international standards, incentivizes green-tech investments, and strengthens regulatory enforcement. By advancing these reforms, the paper contributes to scholarly discourse on sustainable corporate governance and offers policy-relevant insights for aligning Nigeria’s corporate law with climate resilience and green economic transformation.

Securities regulation and investor protection are fundamental pillars for the development of efficient capital markets. This study examines the legal and institutional framework governing investor protection in Nigeria’s capital market and evaluates its implications for corporate finance. Adopting a doctrinal methodology, the paper analyses the provisions of the Investments and Securities Act (ISA) 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rules, and related regulatory instruments. It argues that robust investor protection enhances market integrity, reduces information asymmetry, and lowers the cost of capital, thereby promoting corporate financing and economic growth. However, despite notable regulatory improvements, challenges such as weak enforcement, limited investor awareness, and persistent market abuse continue to undermine investor confidence. The study concludes that strengthening enforcement mechanisms, improving disclosure standards, and enhancing investor education are essential for achieving sustainable capital market development and efficient corporate financing in Nigeria.

Cameroon’s legal system rooted in a bijural tradition that fuses civil law and common law influences has undergone a marked transformation in how it governs medical and biomedical conduct through the criminal law. The Penal Code of 2016 (Law No. 2016/007 of 12 July 2016) consolidated and modernized general criminal provisions applicable to medical personnel, including offences of homicide, bodily harm, professional secrecy, failure to render assistance, false certification, and the facilitation of infectious disease transmission. On that general foundation, Cameroon has enacted three landmark pieces of special biomedical legislation between 2022 and 2025: Law No. 2022/008 of 27 April 2022 on medical research involving human subjects; Law No. 2022/014 of 14 July 2022 on medically assisted reproduction (MAR); and Law No. 2025/009 of 15 June 2025 Relating to the Donation, Removal and Transplantation of Human Biological Material in Cameroon. Together, these instruments constitute an increasingly sophisticated and notably punitive architecture of biomedical criminal law. This article seeks to analyze the criminal liability framework applicable to medical personnel and biomedical researchers in Cameroon, examining both the foundational provisions of the Penal Code 2016 and the specific offences created by the three special biomedical statutes, through a doctrinal legal methodology. Our findings revealed that, the Penal Code of 2016 establishes a robust general framework of criminal liability for medical personnel. It is on this basis that we made some salient propositions to that effect.

Indonesia continues to face serious problems related to drug abuse, especially among young people. The current legal system is considered ineffective because it still prioritizes imprisonment rather than rehabilitation for drug users and addicts. This study uses a normative juridical method with a post-positivist approach to analyze the urgency of adopting the Drug Court model, such as the one implemented in the United States since 1989. Drug Courts in the United States apply a rehabilitation-based approach that provides alternatives to prison sentences for drug offenders. The results of this study show that Indonesia’s current drug policy still treats addicts and drug abusers as criminals who deserve imprisonment. Medical and social rehabilitation are only used to reduce prison sentences, not as the main effort for recovery. In addition, the existing double-track system has not clearly distinguished between drug users and drug dealers. This condition contributes to prison overcrowding and does not effectively reduce drug abuse. Therefore, reforming Indonesia’s criminal law through a Drug Court model based on rehabilitation and the double-track system is necessary. Such reform is expected to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement, support prevention efforts, reduce prison overcrowding, and better protect human rights.

Forensic science is a broad field that covers a variety of scientific disciplines used to investigate crimes through the examination of physical evidence found at the crime scenes. Evidence can determine if a crime has occurred or not. Evidence is a vital object in all crime scenes, which may exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas. Sometimes, it may be visible or invisible, and most of the impression evidence found at the scenes is visible. Some of the examples of impression evidence include fingerprints, handprints, footprints, tyre prints and so on. The first officer who visits the crime scene preserves the crime scene to avoid evidence damage until the police investigator arrives. At the initial stage of investigation, forensic officers give importance to estimating stature, gender and body weight from physical evidence left by the offenders through the anthropometric technique. Researchers have shown that impression evidence can be used to determine the above three components. But whenever dealing with stature estimation from impression evidence, ethnicity should be considered because impression evidence varies from one ethnicity to another. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate the relationship between stature and handprint among Indians living in the Klang Valley region in Selangor state, Malaysia. It is the maiden study conducted in the Klang Valley, one of the regions in Selangor state, Malaysia.

This study investigates the state of Qatar in its cyberterrorism-combating endeavors. The research tool designed was a questionnaire. A convenience sample (N = 200) was used, and the majority of participants were older than 35 years old (70.0%): Males and females comprised 80.5% and 19.5%, respectively. The study findings showed that more people identified cyberterrorism as a real threat to national security. Exploring the Qatari youth view on institutional capacities, legal frameworks, and education/community programs. Along with this, the results also show that Qatari institutions are deemed reliable in addressing cyberterrorism, as 89.5% place belief and capability on these institutions. One of the main findings is that an alarming 96.0% agree that decreasing awareness on digital platforms decreases extremist behavior reporting. All respondents agreed that legislation and cooperation at the regional level were required, while fewer supported educating youngsters as an appropriate strategy against digital radicalization. To sum up, the study provides insights into areas to improve upon when it comes to education programs and policy initiatives in preventing cybersecurity threats.

Any witness called to testify in a case is usually required to give his or her evidence on oaths or affirmation, the reason for which is to tell the truth. Judicial trials aim at unravelling the truth in each case to enable courts determine the appropriate punishments or remedies available to each party. A witness who lies on oath commits perjury. This Seminar Paper examines the use of oaths or affirmations in the judicial process. It seeks to answer the question of delay in administering criminal justice resulting from witnesses giving false evidence while testifying in criminal cases before the courts. It compares the English-type oaths with African Traditional Oaths. The doctrinal research methodology was used to collate and critically analyse relevant provisions of the Oaths Act, the Evidence Act, the ACJA 2015, judicial authorities, learned textbooks and articles. The Seminar Paper found out that witnesses usually resort to giving false evidence on oath because they are hardly tried and punished for perjury. It, also, found that witnesses or defendants who swear to African Traditional Oaths speak the truth for fear of consequences attending the oaths. It, therefore, recommends, among others, that witnesses should be committed for trials for perjury to serve as deterrence to other witnesses who might intend to mislead the trial courts by giving false evidence.

Despite the punishment meted on rape offenders and the creation of sexual offenders’ register in some states of the federation in Nigeria, most accused persons damn the consequences of their actions by continuously committing the offence with impunity without considering the deleterious effect of their sinister action on their victims, and the society at large. Rape is the most serious sexual offence that is characterised with unpleasant experiences such as stigmatisation, anxiety, unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted disease, trauma, depression and even death. This study examined the concept of rape, factors responsible for the offence of rape in Nigeria, legal framework on rape in Nigeria and alternatives punishment for rape offenders. This study found that castration is the most appropriate punishment that deters the offender and the public from engaging in the heinous crime called rape. The study adopted doctrinal research methodology, it was descriptive and analytical in nature. It relied on primary sources of data such as statutes, case law, conventions and secondary sources of data such as textbooks, articles in journals, periodicals, online materials among others. The study concluded that rape has done no good to the victims and society and there is a need to frantically tackle same in Nigeria by finding effective solution that would serve as effective deterrence to future offenders. The study recommended castration as alternative punishment to life imprisonment for rape offenders in Nigeria.

Cameroon's bijural judicial system, combining civil law in Francophone regions and common law in Anglophone areas, creates unique training demands that its judicial institutions have struggled to meet. Using doctrinal analysis and comparative review of three unreported primary judgments, this article examines the decade-long controversy over the Originating Summons procedure in Anglophone Cameroonian courts as a lens through which to analyse the structural training deficit at the heart of the bijural judiciary. The article demonstrates that the same statutory provision, Section 10 of the Southern Cameroons High Court Law 1955, produces opposed judicial outcomes across different courts and different time periods. This divergence is shown to be structurally produced by the absence of systematic continuous professional development and failure to issue harmonising procedural guidance. The omission of a dedicated English-speaking judicial intake in the 2025/2026 recruitment cycle appears to signal the effective discontinuation of the Common Law Section, although no formal decree abolishing the Section has been identified, which has intensified this deficit. The article proposes targeted reforms anchored in a comparative analysis of successful bijural judicial training models.

Based on the context of China's unified national market, this study employs a combination of case study, empirical research, and policy analysis methods, selecting J City in Z Province as the case study to systematically analyze the implementation outcomes of the fair competition review system. The findings indicate that J City has continuously refined relevant policies and collaborated with multiple government departments, third-party institutions, and entities from the Yangtze River Delta region to carry out reviews, leading to significant improvements in market vitality and the business environment; however, local protectionist administrative monopolistic practices remain prevalent at the grassroots level, primarily due to ambiguous review criteria and insufficient mechanisms for performance evaluation and accountability.