The damage caused by the lupus nephritis to the patient's kidney was very little studied for treatment module; however, we have the understanding the disease involving in the kidneys by an immune complex glomerulonephritis. Human genomics have been decoded since 2004, it should give clinical scientists and medical doctors a new scenery to develop some new treatment modules to cure these kinds of patients. Here we used a group of genomic data from lupus nephritis to combine the modern medicine knowledge and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) so that an integration module will be subject to the clinical field. The integration model is primarily relied on a comprehensive regulation mechanism of system biology including network, topology and gene-drug interaction database. In this manual we first study the role using genomic expression signature from several databases of clinical lupus nephritis, and then we combine current medications with their immune suppress treatment and TCM with their theory and medication in order that the integration model was eventually established. In near future, we will extend a second-generation model based on the module by using a set of clinical genomic data from different patients such as individual patient genomic data, each patient symptom, laboratory results.

Chronic renal failure is one of the slowest progressive and irreversible diseases of kidney function which is characterized by low glomerular filtration (GRF). Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is the 17thcause of disability and 12th major cause of death. Dialysis is the artificial way of carrying out removal of toxic metabolic products from blood, when the kidneys are not functioning. Even though there is a dramatic improvement of dialysis technology and pharmacological treatment, mortality rates for dialysis patients are still high. In India within a year approximately 9-13% hemodialysiate patients die. Highest cause of mortality among CKD is sudden cardiac death (SCD), in which death occurs from sudden unexpected cessation of cardiac activity with hemodynamic collapse. Serum creatinine and urea are considered as the most sensitive markers for the detection of the renal failure. In CKD patients one finds both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia which can be due to a decreased kidney function or due to diuretic administration eventhough their impact on mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not very well understood. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pre and post dialysis samples for values of renal biochemical markers like serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes. Total 68 CKD patients were observed. Statistically significant difference was observed between pre and post dialysis blood urea, serum creatinine, sodium and potassium levels. Hemodialysis is an effective and efficient process in removing these undesirable metabolites, helps increase life expectancy.

The glucose tolerance signifies the ability of the body to dispose off an additional load of glucose given. This test is useful in distinguishing a person with a normal glucose tolerance from people who have increased tolerance in disease conditions. Aim of the study to study on glucose tolerance test. Approximately 40% of subjects who will develop type 2 diabetes are within the NGT range at OGTT, indicating that there is a large number of NGT subjects who constitute the larger reservoir of future type 2 diabetes. OGTT detects diabetes more efficiently than FPG as it recognizes altered post-prandial metabolism.

Introduction: Always chronic kidney disease has been bound to diabetes mellitus, especially type2. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP, IL6, cystatin C and TNF-alpha) are usually play role in the development and increase risk of type 2 diabetes T2DM, as well as chronic kidney disease, so this study aimed to evaluate renal function tests and inflammatory biomarkers among T2DM and compare evaluated parameters with data of healthy individuals. Methods: Two hundred (200) subjects were enrolled in this study, 100 of them were patients with T2DM set as case group, , age ranged 33 and 55 years, and the other 100 were healthy individuals were set as control group. Blood samples were collected from both groups in order to assess renal function tests urea, creatinine by means of spectrophotometer based method, while Sodium and Potassium by easylyte device instrument and inflammatory biomarkers CRP, IL6, cystatin C and TNF-alpha by ELISA technique. Results: Inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, CRP, Cystatin C and TNF-alpha) levels in diabetic subjects were significantly higher than control group. We also found that serum creatinine and urea were higher in type 2 diabetes patients than normal subjects (p=0.001). Pearson’s correlation of serum creatinine and urea with inflammatory biomarkers brought different positive correlation with all parameters. Conclusion: Elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, CRP, Cystatin C and TNF-alpha) are positively associated with renal function tests serum creatinine and urea and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: This retrograde study was designed to compare between POCT glucometer and Laboratory reference method for glucose measurement in neonates especially in Neonatal Jaundice. The main objective of the study was to find the acceptability of POCT Glucometer against laboratory reference method. Material and Methods: 200 samples data were collected from the laboratory of neonatal jaundice. The samples neonatal jaundice with total Bilirubin >2mg/dL was considered for analysis., Glucose dehydrogenase method(Glucometer) and GOD-POD method (Reference Laboratory method) was used to measure glucose measurement in samples that were obtained. Results: Glucometer accuracy was evaluated using linear regression, Passing-Bablock regression, Bland-Altman analysis. There was no significant difference. Clarke Error Grid analysis, >98% results were in zone A. The Mean bias of Glucometer was 1.9%; with P <0.05. Conclusion: POCT Glucometer (Glucose dehydrogenase method) measurement performance was acceptable in hypoglycemic range especially in Neonatal Jaundice.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production [1]. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the performance of Enzymatic and HPLC assay systems for determination of HbA1c. Material and Methods: This study was conducted from November, 2016 to December, 2017. The subjects under the study were enrolled from outpatient department of Medicine after obtaining written informed consent in bilingual languages from all the 100 subjects after describing all pros and cons. Fasting Plasma glucose and HbA1c were estimated in Department of Biochemistry, SRMS IMS. Result and Discussion: Maximum percentages of patients were in age 51 to 60 years (32%) while the least percentage of patients was from the age group 21 to 30 years (2%). Present study comprising 38% females and 62% males. HbA1c distribution in subjects by Enzymatic method in Mean ± SD (8.598 ± 2.29) with minimum of 6.2% and maximum 20.4%. The FPG distribution in Subjects 154.37 ± 40.13 (Mean ± SD) with minimum FPG of 96 mg/dl and maximum 289 mg/dl. Conclusion: HbA1c has come to play an integral role in the management of diabetes, one of the world’s most prevalent non-communicable diseases. HbA1c defines an end point as the fuel of diabetic therapy and provides a powerful stimulus to the patients to improve their compliance. HbA1c remains the gold standard in the assessment of glycemic control with availability of standardize methods.

Flours were prepared from seven cassava varieties (Agbablé3, Bonoua2, Bondoukou4, Boufouh3, Boufouh4, Soclopouopo3, Totoba2) evaluated for their physicochemical properties. The physicochemical parameters of the seven varieties show significant differences (p <0.05). The results showed that moisture content of flours ranged from 10.88±0.02 (Bonoua2) to 12.92±0.31% (Agbaglé3), starch from 28.71±0.34 (Socloppouopo3) to 44.06±0.56% (Totoba2) carbohydrates from 92.70 ±0.05% (Totoba2) to 94.72±0.27 (Bonoua2), organic matter from 85.3±0.27 (Totoba2) to 87.4±0.18% (Bondoukou4), and energy value from 347.56±0.03 (Agbable3) to 361.95±0.01 to kcal/100g (Bonoua2). Physicochemical parameters at low content are the protein ranging from 1.37±0.14 (Soclopouopo3 and Boufouh4) to 2.23±0.13% (Boufouh3), lipids from 0.77±0.03 (Bonoua2) to 1.29±0.11(Boufouh4), ash from 1.29±0.1(Agbablé3) to 2.62±0.01 (Soclopouopo3), fibers from 1.03±0.24 (Soclopouopo3) to 1.08±0.06% (Boufouh3 and 4) and total sugar from 1.30±0.04(Soclopouopo3)-3.35±0.05(Bonoua2). The most dominant minerals are potassium, calcium and phosphorus whose content are respectively 328±0.1 (Totoba2) to 1207 mg/100g (Bondoukou4), 82±0.01 (Boufouh4) to 338±0.26 mg/100g (Bonoua2) and from 20±0.05 (Totoba2) to 100±0.41 mg/100g (Bonoua2). From the data obtained it can be concluded that cassava varieties should not be abandoned because of poor cooking quality and high cyanogenic potential. These varieties could be used for other purposes such as starch production, glucose, adhesives, fuel alcohol, animal feed and other industrial Uses.