Challenges and Opportunities in Accessing Veritable Vaccines and Curbing the Dissemination and Excesses of the SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 Variants
Dr. Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr
Page Numbers : 108-111
DOI : 10.36348/sijb.2021.v04i09.03
SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, spatiotemporally evolves or mutates to its variant with potentialities for adverse opportunistic infections via replications and transmissions or disseminations. The dissemination and transmission of the Delta variant is accelerating more than expected partly due to unvaccinated persons not treating the pandemic as seriously as necessary. The test and tracing service must be effected because a vast proportion ofthe population is unprotected. It is crucial to restrict movements. Vaccinated persons must socialize indoors in well-ventilated ambients, and avoid non-essential foreign travels. The evolution of the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic portends a well-nigh impossible termination of events. It is, therefore, imperative to focus on the cost and not merely the opportunity cost to control the never-ending SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. There is the need to make public health system a priority with emphasis on cost sharing and cost saving for vaccines and other healthcare modalities to reach the poor and the vulnerable populations in developing countries and elsewhere for safety and protection of lives through enhanced substantial, restorative and sustainable financing,technical expertise and capacity building.
Original Research Article
Oct. 12, 2021
Bisphenol A Exposure Causes Prolatin Imbalance and alters Progesterone Functions in Rats
Chinenye E. Oguazu, Francis C. Ezeonu, Enemali, M.O, Kingsley I. Ubaoji, Dike C. Charles
Page Numbers : 102-107
DOI : 10.36348/sijb.2021.v04i09.02
The associations between Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure with prolactin and progesterone hormone levels is been considered globally. A three months study was conducted with female albino rats exposed to BPA. The blood samples were collected for assay of prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (PROG). A significant positive association between increased BPA concentration and higher PRL and PROG levels were observed. The results suggest that BPA exposure may lead to alterations in female reproductive hormone levels.
Original Research Article
Oct. 2, 2021
Antihyperlipidemic Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Chromatography Fractions from the Chloroform Extract of the Sclerotia of the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus tuber reguim
Ezea BO, Afieroho OE, Suleiman M, Aprioku JS, Abo KA
Page Numbers : 97-101
DOI : 10.36348/sijb.2021.v04i09.001
Pleurotus tuber reguim is a mushroom widely used as food, and in traditional medicine for weight loss and treatment of headache, fever and stomach pain among other ailments. This present study is aimed at the evaluation of antihyperlipidemic activities of chromatography fractions obtained from an earlier reported anti-hyperlipidemic chloroform extract of Pleurotus tuber reguim using triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rat model as well as investigate the phytochemical constituent(s) from the active chromatography fraction(s). The pulverized sclerotia sample was extracted exhaustively by cold maceration with chloroform and the chloroform extract (6.42g) fractionated on a chromatography column(silica gel G, 200 -400 mesh-stationary phase) eluting with a gradient mixtures of n-hexane: chloroform: methanol (4:0:0; 3:1:0; 1:3:0; 0:1:0; 0:3:1; 0:2:2; 0:1:3; 0:4- v/v/v). Fractions with similar chromatography fingerprint on thin layer chromatography examination were pooled. Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. The chloroform extract afforded four pooled chromatography fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4). The trend: Total cholesterol [atovastatin (47.5%) > F1 (42.3%) > F2 (37.6%) > F4 (29.9%) > F3 (29.8%)]; Triglyceride [F4 (47.6%) > F1 (44.8%) > Atorvastatin (35.6%) > F3 (32.9%) > F2 (4.3%)]; High density lipoprotein-cholesterol [F2 (101.3%) > F1 (91.2%) > atovastatin (53.7%) > F3 (17.7%) > F4 (14.9%)];Very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [F4 (47.6%) > F1 (44.8%) > Atorvastatin (35.7%) > F3 (32.9%) > F2 (4.3%)]; Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [Atorvastatin (12.5%) > F2 (10.0%) > F1 (7.6%) > F3 (3.5%) > F4 (-4.9%)]. Fractions F1 and F2 where found to contain triterpenoids and fatty acids while fractions F3 and F4 were found to contained amino acids or peptide derivatives. Pleurotus tuber reguim exhibited hyperlipidemic activity and the presence of triterpenoids and amino acids or peptide derviatives could be responsible for the observed trend in antihyperlipidemic activity.
Original Research Article
Sept. 27, 2021
“A Correlative Study of C3 in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome”
Mr. Indra Prasad Adhikari, Dr. Shreya Nigoskar, Dr. Satya Prakash, Deepak Neupane, Dr. Raj Kumar
Page Numbers : 91-96
DOI : 10.36348/sijb.2021.v04i08.002
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder with an impact on the reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular health disease of women. It affects approximately 5%-10% of women in the reproductive age groups. The disorder can be morphological polycystic ovaries or predominantly biochemical hyperandrogenism, a clinical hallmark of PCOS, which can cause inhibition of follicular development, micro cysts in the ovaries, anovulation, and menstrual changes. Aims and Objective: A Correlative Study of C3 in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Materials and Methods: This was hospital based cross-sectional study carried out among PCOS was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Index Medical College Hospital, and Indore. This study was conducted from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019. A total of 260 subjects with age group between 15 to 45 years were divided into two group; cases (130) and controls (130). Results: Among a total of 260 cases, based on clinical and different biochemical parameters, 130 were diagnosis with PCOS and 130 were healthy women. The mean ±SD of various parameters among PCOS cases were; body mass index (BMI) 32.97±8.466, total cholesterol (TC) 188.42±31.126, triglyceride (TG) 134.43±50.01, high density lipoprotein (HDL) 36.29±9.55 TC/HDL ratio, 5.54±1.865 serum C3, 160.66±29.155 versus BMI 22.87±2.470, TC 155.42±26.333, TG 110.00±42.19, HDL 41.22±10.912, TC/HDL ratio 4.08±1.39, serum C3 127.48±35.60in healthy control. Conclusion: In this study, the role of inflammation and different biochemical markers were studied among PCOS cases. It was found that a majority of the PCOS patients were obese having insulin resistance. The levels of C3 as a marker of chronic low grade inflammation were higher in newly diagnosed PCOS as compared to the controls. The C3 values correlated well with various physiological and biochemical parameter.
Research Report
Sept. 11, 2021
Advances in Transgenic Technology for Crop Cultivation and Stomatal Regulation as Potent Role in Agriculture
Muhammad Ehsan Haider, Muhstaq Hussain, Sikandar Ali, Muhammad Riaz, Nasir Hussain, Muhammad Saleem, Shoaib Shafique, Saifullah
Page Numbers : 86-90
DOI : 10.36348/sijb.2021.v04i08.001
Gossypium hirsutum L. is most essential cash crop which provide fiber to fabric industries globally. Cotton is the world leading crop, is plenteous and produced economically, manufacturing products of cotton relatively cheap. The threads can be prepared in to a wide-ranging fabrics variety like light-weight laces and voiles to heavy-weight sailcloth’s and heavy piled velveteen’s, appropriate for large diversity of wearing apparel, furnishings and much industrial consumption. Fabrics from cotton can be tremendously long-lasting and resilient to scratch. Reduction of water loss through leaves is a crucial phenomenon in cotton plants under drought stress. ABA is one of the most important stress hormones and participates in various crucial physiological processes during the plant life cycle, including stress responses, development and reproduction. Exogenous application of osmo protectants and various plant growth regulators have been found effectively to enhance drought tolerance in cotton. To increase the tolerance in cotton against drought stress, transcription factors are excellent candidates for the plant scientists. Cotton is an important cash crop worldwide. Although it is classified as one of the most salt-tolerant major crops and considered a pioneer crop in reclamation of saline soils, its growth and development as well as yield and fiber quality are negatively affected by excessive salts in the soil.
Original Research Article
Aug. 30, 2021
Role of Biochemical Markers for Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cataract
Kim Sharma, Dr. Yogita Soni
Page Numbers : 82-85
DOI : 10.36348/sijb.2021.v04i07.002
Background: -Ocular complications are common in diabetes and cataract becomes the major cause of blindness in diabetic patients. Objective: Oxidative stress was assessed by estimating lipid peroxidation product (LPO) in the form of MDA and non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamins C in the serum. Methodology: A number of 100 cases of diabetic cataract in the age group of 45-70 years, compared with 100 healthy controls. Results: Serum levels of MDA and Vitamin C between cataract cases and control groups were found to be statistically significant (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The present study revealed that low levels of antioxidants and increased oxidative stress may have a role to play in the etiopathogenesis of the diabetic cataract.
Review Article
Aug. 18, 2021
Piliostigma thonningii (Fabaceae): A Comprehensive Review on its Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology
Medicinal plants have long been used globally for the management and treatment of diverse disease conditions. They are endowed with diverse secondary metabolites responsible for the therapeutic effects they exhibit hence the possibility of discovering novel, effective and affordable therapeutic targets with limited side effects. Scientific investigation of these medicinal plants has witnessed an upsurge in recent times. Piliostigma thonningii (Schum Milne-Redhead) commonly known as ‘‘camel’s foot’’ and ‘‘monkey bread’’and locally as ‘‘kalgo’’ in Hausa, ‘‘Omukpakpa ajalu’’ in Igala, ‘‘abafe’’ in Yoruba, ‘‘nyihar’’ in Tiv, ‘‘mchekeche’’ in Swahili and ‘‘Kharub’’ in Arab is distributed widely in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. The different parts of the plant are known for the treatment and management of dysentery, fever, respiratory ailments, snakebites, hookworm and skin diseases, and gastro-intestinal tract problems among others. Although promising scientific reports have been published on the various parts of P. thonningii, no review comprehensively summarizes its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Therefore, this review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive evaluation of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and toxicology of P. thonningii as well as offer suggestions for future investigations.
