Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant global health burden, exacerbated by the rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of Sansevieria zeylanica (S. zeylanica) leaf and root extracts against MDR Proteus mirabilis isolated from diabetic patients with DFUs at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of MDR P. mirabilis was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of S. zeylanica extracts was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. Additionally, the synergistic/antagonistic effect of the extracts with Ofloxacin was assessed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to conventional antibiotics, with 61.5% of isolates identified as MDR. Methanolic extracts of S. zeylanica demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity, with root extracts exhibiting greater inhibition zones (10-17 mm) compared to leaf extracts (8-13 mm). However, co-administration with Ofloxacin revealed an antagonistic effect. These findings suggest that S. zeylanica root extracts hold promise as an alternative therapeutic agent for DFU management. Further research is needed to optimize extract formulations and explore their clinical applications.

Enhancing aesthetics, occlusion and functions is a primary motivation for individuals with open-bite malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment. Open-bite malocclusion, characterized by a lack of vertical overlap of the anterior teeth, can be effectively treated with a combined surgical and orthodontic approach. In this case report, we present the treatment of a male patient with an open-bite malocclusion and a skeletal class II. Initially, the patient underwent a presurgical phase where fixed orthodontic appliance was bonded to achieve well-aligned arches, then came the maxillary impaction to normalize the overjet and overbite and enhance both aesthetics and functions. Keywords: Skeletal Class II, Open-Bite Malocclusion, Orthodontic Treatment, orthognathic surgery, Maxillary Impaction.

Anterior open bite is a complex malocclusion that often requires comprehensive treatment due to its multifactorial etiology and high relapse potential. Conventional treatment options such as orthognathic surgery or extraction therapy may have limitations. Recent advancements in skeletal anchorage have introduced miniscrews as a minimally invasive and reliable alternative. This case report illustrates an 18-year-old female with sagittal skeletal Class II pattern, hyperdivergent facial type and class I molar and end-on Class II canine relationship, with an anterior open bite. The treatment plan consisted of using miniscrews placed bilaterally in the posterior maxilla to facilitate molar intrusion. A transpalatal arch was used to maintain transverse stability during the intrusion phase. The approach resulted in effective molar intrusion, closure of the open bite, and an improved facial profile.

The primary motivation for individuals with deep-bite malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment is the improvement of aesthetics, occlusion, and functions. Deep bites can be treated by the intrusion of anterior teeth and the extrusion of the posterior teeth, or both, according to the exposure of the incisors in the smile. In this case report, we present the treatment of a female patient with a deep-bite malocclusion. This paper describes the clinical and radiographic changes with orthodontic treatment using Invisalign clear aligners and their effectiveness to normalize the overjet and overbite and enhance both aesthetics and functions.

In this study we have studied "Killing Motion of Static Cylindrically Symmetric Spacetimes in f(R) Gravity" by using algebraic and direct integration techniques. This study investigates the Killing motions of static cylindrically symmetric spacetimes with in framework of f(R) gravity, a generalization of Einstein’s General Relativity. We explore the existence of Killing vector fields to understand the symmetries and conserved quantities in such spacetimes. By analysing the modified field equations, we determine the constraints imposed by f(R) gravity on the geometry and dynamics of cylindrically symmetric spacetimes. These contribute to understanding the interplay between symmetry properties and gravitational theories beyond General Relativity. The results have implications for astrophysical and cosmological models influenced by alternative gravity theories. We discussed four cases and found that the dimension of Killing vector fields is either three, four or ten.

Snakebites are serious public health problem in many regions of the world, particularly in rural areas lacking medical facilities. Snake bite is a well-known occupational hazard amongst farmers, plantation workers, and other outdoor workers and results in much morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This occupational hazard is no more an issue restricted to a particular part of the world; it has become a global issue. Accurate statistics of the incidence of snakebite and its morbidity and mortality throughout the world is difficult to publish, however, it is certain to be higher than what is reported. This is because even today most of the victims initially approach traditional healers for treatment and many are not even registered in the hospital. Hence, registering such patients is an important goal if we have accurate statistics and reduce the morbidity and mortality due to snakebite. World Health Organization (WHO) has published guidelines for the clinical management of snakebites. In this article the author tries to throw light on the incidence and clinical features of snakebite and the management and treatment guidelines as per the WHO recommendation.

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of erythrocyte size variation, has been implicated as a potential biomarker in various malignancies. However, its role in distinguishing between benign and malignant endometrial diseases remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of RDW and its correlation with disease severity in endometrial carcinoma. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 183 women diagnosed with either benign or malignant endometrial diseases. RDW levels were measured and analyzed for their diagnostic significance. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests to compare RDW values between groups and ROC analysis to determine diagnostic accuracy. Correlation between RDW and FIGO staging was also evaluated. Results: RDW was significantly higher in the malignant group (46.64±6.18) compared to the benign group (43.05±7.03; p < 0.001). A non-significant positive correlation was observed between RDW and FIGO staging (r = 0.031, p = 0.815). The ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.463 (95% CI: 0.374–0.552; p = 0.414). The best cutoff value for RDW was 49.50, with a sensitivity of 17% and specificity of 90%. Conclusion: While elevated RDW is associated with endometrial malignancy, its diagnostic accuracy is limited. However, RDW may serve as a supplementary marker when combined with other diagnostic tools, particularly in low-resource settings. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings and explore RDW’s prognostic value.