Kiloh-Nevin syndrome is one of the neuropathies where anterior interosseous nerve gets compressed by accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle. This study was designed to look for prevalence, morphology and relation of accessory head to anterior interosseous nerve. The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, and Ernakulam. 50 upper limb specimens were dissected to expose the accessory heads and its relation to anterior interosseous nerve. The number of accessory heads was noted down and length of the muscle belly was measured with vernier callipers. The accessory heads were present in 18 specimens (36%). 12 specimens with accessory head were observed to get inserted to tendon of flexor pollicis longus and 6 specimens to tendon of flexor digitorum profundus. Double accessory heads were observed in 3 specimens (6%). 3 specimens showed origin of accessory heads from flexor digitorum superficialis. Double accessory heads arising from flexor digitorum superficialis got inserted into flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus separately. The accessory heads were related superficially to anterior interosseous nerve in all specimens. The mean length of accessory head on right side was 6.9 cms and 7.4 cms on the left side. The presence of accessory heads to flexor pollicis longus or flexor digitorum profundus acts as a trigging factor for compression of anterior interosseous nerve. The below results will give an additional information to surgeons who approach upper end of radius from anteriorly and even clinicians can plan appropriate management for compression syndromes.

Background: Analyse the congenital malformations, involving various systems of the body systemwise & their association with maternal age and parity. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at government maternity hospitals, Hyderabad over a period of one year months from October 2011 2015 to September 2012. All women attending Antenatal Clinic were screened by ultrasound examination. Foetuses of pregnant women were screened by clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation (12wks to 28wks). Results: The central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system topped the list with 16 cases (26.66%) out of total 60 cases. 11 cases of central nervous system belongs to 21-25 years age. Conclusion: Anomalies were most likely to be in the central nervous system. Maternal history of previous congenital anomalies, parental consanguinity, and history of medical disorders were associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies. Early diagnosis will prevent mothers from psychological trauma of bearing and rearing an anomalous child.

Background: The quality and discrimination of sound depends on the shape of the pinna. The auricle exhibits wide variations particularly in its shape and the rolling of helix to such an extent that right and left ears of an individual differ. Aim: To determine different shapes of the external ear and the degree of concavity of helix. Materials and methods: 90 dental students participated in the study after an informed consent. The external ears of both sides were observed for variations in the shape and rolling of helix. The results were tabulated and compared with other studies. Results: Oval shaped external ears were the most common forms observed, 58.33% in males and 58.97% in females. The values were compared with other studies and the decreasing order of frequency of ear shapes was oval, triangular, round and rectangular. The concavity of helix was studied. 66.66% males and 60.25% females possessed normal helix followed by wide helix covering scapha, flat helix and concave marginal helix in that order in males but females possessed concave marginal helix in more numbers as compared to wide helix covering scapha. Conclusion: The four different shapes of the external ear were oval, triangular, round and rectangular in the decreasing order of frequency. Oval shape is the most common as correlated with other studies. Four varieties of rolling of helix were observed -normal rolling, wide concavity covering scapha, flat helix and marginal concavity helix. The order of frequency showed gender variation.