Evaluation of Testicular Antioxidative Potential and Anticholesterolaemic Effects of Leaf Extract of Eugenia uniflora (Pitanga Cherry) on Male Wistar Rats
Constance Ihuoma Nkpurukwe, Chibuike Obiandu
Page Numbers : 95-99
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i05.003
Introduction: Several plants have been proven useful as antioxidant agents as a result of the abundance of bioactive substances embedded in the plant. Eugenia uniflora is a medicinal plant popular in the tropics where it is applied in traditional medicine practice for treatment of some illnesses but most of its acclaimed therapeutic effects have not been scientifically proven. Aim: The present study is aimed at assessing the testicular antioxidative and some biochemical effects of Eugenia uniflora in male Wistar rats. Methodology: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Group I which served as the negative control received distilled water while group II (positive control) received 5 mg/kg Lead. Group III received 200 mg/kg BW of the extract and 5 mg/kg Lead, while Group IV received 400 mg/kg BW of the extract and 5 mg/kg Lead and the animals in Group V received 800 mg/kg BW of the extract and 5 mg/kg Lead. Administration was by oral gavage. At the end, the testes were harvested for analysis of testicular parameters. Result: The result showed a decrease in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) while Glutathione reductase (GSH) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities increased in some groups of animals treated with the extract and lead. The testicular total cholesterol level was significantly (P<0.05) decreased while the testicular protein level was not significantly affected in animals treated with the extract and lead when compared to the lead only group.
Case Report
May 28, 2022
Neglected Iatrogenic False Aneurysm of the Ulnar Artery
Bakzaza O, Aghoutane N
Page Numbers : 93-94
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i05.002
Vascular complications during an ulnar procedure are very rare. However, they must be identified quickly. We repport a case of a 68-year-old hypertensive patient who was admitted to the emergency department for unstable angina, where she underwent coronary angioplasty via the left ulnar route. she was referred to us for management of a pseudoaneurysm on the inside of the wrist facing the ulnar artery one month later.
Original Research Article
May 24, 2022
Embalming of Early Decomposing Strangled Homicides in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Validation Study
Formalin is one of the commonest embalming fluid used in modern embalming. Methanol can also be mixed with formalin in order to prevent the precipitation of formaldehyde to paraformaldehyde. Methanol is also a good preservative. Strangled bodies remain one of common homicides received at funeral homes in Anambra state, Nigeria. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to observe the early decomposition activities in Anambra state; use an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water to arrest it; and document the techniques used to achieve it. Therefore, four infant pigs were used for this study. They were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early stage of decomposition before embalming. The results showed that outcome of embalming is influenced by the embalming mixture used, duration of the embalming, and the room temperature of the morgue were the embalmed bodies were stored after embalming. The results also showed that atmospheric temperature and humidity does not influence the outcome of embalming. In conclusion, the methodology for arresting early decomposition of strangled homicides is by arterially injecting an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol, water and dye; and also supplementing this technique with hypodermic embalming technique.
Original Research Article
April 27, 2022
Numerary Anatomical Variant of Renal Arteries in Melanoderms Living in Benin
Laleye C, Videgla BLE, Sogan C, Hadonou AA, Hounton SED, Emeka JC, Biaou O, Mehinto DK, Hounnou MG, Agossou-Voyeme AK
Page Numbers : 78-82
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i04.001
Changes in the renal arteries are common in the general population with ethnic differences. Objective: List the different anatomical varieties of the renal artery in melanoderms living in Benin. Methods: This was a retrospective study from March 1, 2016 to April 31, 2017, which is 14 months. The study population consisted of all injected abdominal CT scans clearly demonstrating the renal artery and its branches. Results: 155 abdominal CT scans were revisited, 308 renal pedicles were virtually dissected showing 339 renal arteries. The average age was 50.33 ± 17 years with extremes of 13 and 83 years. The sex ratio was 0.92. The medium caliber of the aorta at the origin of the first renal artery was 16.7 ± 3mm. It was also noted two (02) cases of single kidney located at the right and 153 pairs. The medium renal length was 97.08 ± 11.08 mm, the width 49.28 ± 8.21 mm and the average thickness 49.53 ± 9.53 mm. The prevalence of changes in the number of renal arteries was 9.4%. In more detail, the number of renal arteries are ranged from one to three. They were unique in 90.1% of cases, double in 8.7% and triple in 0.6% of cases. These variations were not related to any of the dependent variables in this study. Conclusions: Numerical variations of the renal arteries are frequent among melanoderms living in Benin. They have multiple diagnostic and therapeutic interests, hence the need for their knowledge by doctors.
Review Article
March 30, 2022
Embalming with Formalin – Benefits and Pitfalls
Pal A. K, Bhanarkar U. P, Ray B
Page Numbers : 70-77
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i03.004
Formalin is the most widely used preservative in anatomical embalming. It produces consistent results in terms of the prevention of autolysis and putrefaction at an affordable cost. It is a known carcinogen having several health hazards. Strict adherence to safety protocols is required to minimize its toxic effects. Regular monitoring of formaldehyde concentration in the dissection hall and embalming room will ensure remedial measures at the earliest. In the face of growing health concerns, several alternative preservatives are being studied. Apart from it, methods like cryopreservation, plastination can be used instead of embalming. Post-mortem toxicological analysis of formalin-fixed cadavers is of importance for forensic investigation. This article will review the overall advantages and disadvantages of formalin and its alternatives in the process of embalming and will guide the anatomists in choosing the proper options for the purpose.
Original Research Article
March 30, 2022
Ameliorative Potentials of Vitamin C against Inhaled Dichlorvos Lung Toxicity of Wistar Rats
Josiah Soipiriala Hart, Lekpa Kingdom David, Oghenefego Michael Adheke
Page Numbers : 65-69
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i03.003
Introduction: Dichlorvos (DDVP), an active ingredient of Sniper insecticide, is commonly used in Nigeria to control insects by killing them thereby preventing the spread of diseases. However, it can be highly toxic to humans when inhaled into the respiratory system which could elicit oxidative stress and cause respiratory infections. Vitamin C is known to be an anti-oxidant, capable of inhibiting oxidative stress. This study was aimed at investigating the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on dichlorvos-induced toxicity of the rat lung. Materials and methods: Forty (40) male wistar rats (weighing 150 – 200g) were recruited and randomly grouped into five (5) groups of eight (8) rats each. A group was the control; two groups were exposed to graded concentrations of DDVP while the last two groups were treated with vitamin C. Body weights were obtained before and after the period of 21-day exposure. After 21 days, histopathological and biochemical analysis were carried out to examine the level of toxicity of DDVP and effect of vitamin C treatment on the lung tissues. Results: Rat groups treated using vitamin C administration had significant improvements in body weights compared to DDVP-exposed groups. MDA levels as well as CATA and SOD activities increased significantly on vitamin C-treated rat groups (p < 0.05). Post treatment of rat groups with vitamin C showed that the lung histoarchitecture significantly improved. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Vitamin C could be a supplementary remedy in organophosphate (dichlorvos) poisoning through inhalation.
Original Research Article
March 16, 2022
Effects of Moringa oliefera Lam. Aqueous Root Extract on the Histology of Pancreas in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Hashim BA, Ayuba Y
Page Numbers : 59-64
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i03.002
This study was to determine the effects of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on antioxidant activities and on the histology of pancreas in Alloxan-induced-diabetic rats. Twenty Albino Wistar rats of both sexes weighing between100 and 194g were used for the study. The animals were divided in to four groups (Groups I, II, II and IV) of five rats each. Group I was the control group and were administered distilled water per body weight. Group II was induced with diabetes by injecting the rats with 150mg/kg Alloxan single dose and not treated. group III was induced with diabetes and treated with 50mg/kg Moringa for 28 days and group IV were not induced with diabetes but were treated with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera root for a period of twenty-eight days at 50mg/kg orally. The antioxidant activity of Moringa oliefera aqueous root extract was studied by assaying serum marker substances of Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) to determine the extent of antioxidant activity of the extract on the pancreas. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the Pancreas processed for routing light microscopic analyses. The results of this study showed that antioxidant activities of Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly in diabetic not treated and diabetic treated Moringa groups and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), activity increased significantly in diabetic non-treated group and non-diabetic treated group (p<0.05). Glutathione Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase changes were not significant. The results of this study also showed that photomicrograph of pancreas of diabetic non treated rats showed highly lobulated pancreatic tissue, glands exhibits loose collagenous capsule which can be seen extending as delicate septae, chronic inflammation and degeneration of islets of Langerhans. Diabetic treated group also showed septea between the lobule similar to the control group and glandular acini undergoing regeneration. Non-diabetic but treated group showed diffused micro and macro acini and normal islets of Langerhans similar to control.
