Objective: The objective of this study to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative oral antibiotics in the prevention of acute infective endophthalmitis (IE) after cataract surgery. Methods: This prospective study of patients undergoing uncomplicated SICS was conducted. Group A was given post-op oral ciprofloxacin for five days, whereas Group B was not. Both groups received 5% povidone-iodine (PVI) preparation for three minutes in the conjunctival cul-de-sac preoperatively as prophylaxis. The minimum post-operative follow-up period was six weeks. Results: Out of 1856 patients, 896 (48.27%) were included in Group A, and 960 (51.72%) were included in Group B. No significant difference in anterior chamber (AC) reaction was found on day 1 (p = 0.69), day 14 (p = 0.06), or day 42 (p = 0.1). One patient developed acute post-operative infective endophthalmitis (0.04%) and one patients developed toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) from Group A. The non-oral antibiotic group had no serious complications. Conclusions: Perioperative oral antibiotic use in routine clinical practice is not recommended for the prevention of acute post-operative infective endophthalmitis. Pre-operative conjunctival PVI 5% for five minute was proven to be effective prophylactic measures in our study.

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has been known to impact both motor and cognitive systems and cause motor and cognitive alterations (MCAs). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), mainly when applied to the prefrontal cortex, has shown promising results in improving gait, balance, and executive functions in individuals with HIV. Previous studies suggest that integrating a task designed to stimulate higher cognitive centers in combination with tDCS could potentially enhance these effects. Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the combination of tDCS with a tracking task, when applied to the prefrontal cortex, effectively enhances reaction time and HIV dementia scale (HDS) scores (motor-cognitive) components in individuals living with HIV. Methods: The study involved nine female and one male participants living with HIV, with an average age of 58.9 ± 4.3 years. To assess the impact of tDCS on RT and motor cognition, each participant was evaluated both before and after the administration of tDCS with the HDS. Participants' primary goal for the reaction time components was to respond quickly and accurately to color changes by tapping the pod that lit up green. This task was performed while applying tDCS to the prefrontal cortex, allowing researchers to focus simultaneously on cognitive reaction speeds and the physical effects of neuromodulation. Results: Upon analysis, significant differences were noted between pre and post-tDCS of the HDS scores. The data further revealed substantial improvements in reaction time, hits, and strikes after the tDCS application. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that tDCS can potentially improve neurocognitive and motor function in individuals with HIV. However, the study recommends that tDCS treatments be applied over a more extended period than in this study.

In this paper the author tried to find out the long run association between unemployment rate, GDP growth rate and income inequality in the post independent period in India from 1951 to 2023 by applying cointegration and vector error correction model. The paper found out that there is one cointegrating equation among the three variables where VECM implies that the change of unemployment rate and GDP growth rate is inversely related while the change of unemployment and the change of income inequality is positively related in the long run. The former is significant and the latter is insignificant in case of cointegrating equation which is convergent towards equilibrium with a speed of adjustment of 2.4% per year. There is short run causality between unemployment rate, GDP growth rate and income inequality. The VECM is stable and non-stationary having autocorrelation and multivariate normality problems.

Background: Maternal obesity in pregnancy is generally recognized as one of the most common risk factors for unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Obesity has become a prominent issue in obstetrics practice. Objective: To evaluate the maternal outcomes during labor and the immediate postpartum period in overweight mothers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted on the admitted patients with full term singleton pregnancy in labour in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital from July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 150 pregnant women with full term singleton pregnancy in labour were selected fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was taken from each respondent. All data relevant to variables of the study was collected in a data collection sheet. Results: Caesarean section rates were considerably higher in overweight/obese patients compared to the normal weight group (p=0.002). The overweight/obese group had atonic PPH (p=0.04). Macrosomia neonate was substantially higher in the overweight/obese mother group than in the normal weight group (OR=10.09, p=0.009). Overweight/obese individuals had significantly increased rates of low APGAR scores (<7 at 1 minute) (p=0.041). The overweight/obese group had slightly increased rates of intrauterine mortality, stillbirth, and low APGAR score (<7 at 5 minutes), although the differences were not statistically significant (p=0.315, p=0.311, and p=0.190). Macrosomia necessitated neonatal critical care, and moms who were overweight or obese had a 4.03 times higher risk (OR=4.43, p=0.026). The obese neonates had a substantially higher mean birth weight (3.22±0.54 kg) compared to the control group (2.95±0.46 kg). Conclusion: Postpartum pregnancy problems such as atonic PPH have been described in overweight or obese pregnant mothers. Increased birth weight, stillbirth, macrosomia, and NICU hospitalizations were also identified in the overweight/obese population.

Background: Early detection of the nature of the tumor is crucial for the management of patients with ovarian tumor. The type of an ovarian tumor can be determined using serum markers, color doppler USG, and a CT scan. These assist clinicians in diagnosing and managing patients with ovarian tumors, as well as establishing treatment plans. Objective: To compare the accuracy of color doppler ultrasound with CT scan for detection of malignant ovarian tumor. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional analytical study that conducted in the Department of Gynecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and National Institution of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka. Total 65 consecutive patients attending at the inpatient department of BSMMU and NICRH with ovarian tumor were enrolled for the study. All the patients were selected by clinically, ultrasonography findings and serum marker (CA 125, CA 199, CEA, Alfa fetoprotein and LDH) study. For all these patients color doppler USG and CT scan were done. Patients then undergo laparotomy with frozen section biopsy and taking the histopathology report as a gold slandered. Level of significance was assumed at p value <0.05. Results: The sensitivity of Color Doppler USG and CT scan are 96.9% and 87.5%, respectively. The specificity of Color Doppler USG and CT scan are 60.6% and 57.6%, respectively and the accuracy of Color Doppler USG and CT scan are 78.5% and 72.3%, respectively. The positive predictive values of Color Doppler USG and CT scan are 70.5% and 66.7%, respectively. The negative predictive values of Color Doppler USG and CT scan are 95.2% and 82.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the Color Doppler USG are compared to those of the CT scan results. Results found that the diagnostic accuracy of color doppler ultrasound and CT scan are almost similar for detection of ovarian tumor whether it is benign or malignant.

The cultivation of talents in higher education institutions is a process that combines education and talent cultivation, and the curriculum of ideological and political education is the concrete implementation of the fundamental mission of "cultivating virtue and nurturing talents" in education. This paper takes the non-ideological and political subject of Foreign Trade English Correspondence as the research object, specifically studying the ideological and political elements that can be integrated into this course, and exploring effective ways to achieve the value function of this course.

This study investigates the concentrations of heavy metals and physicochemical properties of water, sediment, and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from earthen and concrete ponds used for aquaculture in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Physicochemical analysis showed that water from earthen ponds had a pH of 5.60-7.52, salinity of 0.06-1.03 ppt, conductivity of 170-1671 μScm⁻¹, and turbidity of 38.71-163 NTU. In contrast, concrete ponds had a pH of 6.75-7.56, salinity of 0.18-0.71 ppt, and conductivity of 325-1442 μScm⁻¹, indicating differences in water quality. Water samples from earthen ponds exhibited cadmium (Cd) levels ranging from 0.013 to 0.187 mg/kg, lead (Pb) from 0.649 to 0.651 mg/kg, zinc (Zn) from 0.052 to 0.80 mg/kg, copper (Cu) from 0.009 to 0.158 mg/kg, and iron (Fe) from 1.198 to 4.112 mg/kg. In contrast, Concrete ponds showed Cd levels from -0.014 to 0.008 mg/kg, Pb from -0.0154 to 1.518 mg/kg, and Zn from 0.072 to 3.038 mg/kg. In earthen pond sediment, Cd ranged from 0.059 to 0.326 mg/kg and Pb from 0.505 to 1.160 mg/kg, exceeding permissible limits, especially at sites B and C, indicating contamination. Fish from earthen ponds had high heavy metal levels, with Cd from 0.175 to 22.433 mg/kg and Pb from 1.121 to 22.613 mg/kg, showing significant bioaccumulation. Conversely, concrete ponds had lower contamination, with Cd in sediment from 0.250 to 0.412 mg/kg and Pb in fish from 0.693 to 5.376 mg/kg, closer to safe thresholds. The results indicate significant contamination differences between pond types, with earthen ponds exhibiting higher heavy metal levels due to soil composition and exposure. In contrast, concrete ponds, which minimize soil-water interaction, showed lower metal presence in fish, highlighting a safer aquaculture environment. These findings stress the importance of continuous monitoring of earthen ponds and improved management practices to ensure consumer safety and sustainable aquaculture.