Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) and wound complications continue to constitute one of the most significant causes of morbidity after pediatric cardiac surgery. New prevention methods, standard care bundles, and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have been developed to enhance postoperative outcomes. Purpose: This systematic review article aims to determine evidence published over the past 10 years on wound management strategies after cardiac surgery in children, including their prevention, treatment, and outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2016 and March 2025. Articles that focused on wound prevention, surgical site infections, sternal wound care, or NPWT in children's cardiac surgery were incorporated. Results: Fifteen studies involving over 3,000 pediatric cardiac surgery patients were included. Implementation of standardized prevention bundles resulted in a 30–70% reduction in SSI rates, while NPWT achieved wound closure success exceeding 85% in cases of deep sternal wound infection and mediastinitis. Conclusion: Standardized cardiac pediatric wound management interventions based on prevention bundles and early administration of advanced wound therapies are most likely to be effective following pediatric cardiac surgery. The strategies play a crucial role in minimizing morbidity and enhancing recovery among pediatric patients.

Background: Exam-related stress and anxiety are common occurrences among medical students, especially with changing curricular trends and assessment patterns. It leads to psychosomatic disturbances (Gastrointestinal disturbances, chronic pain disorders, substance abuse, drug overuse, depression, etc.) especially around exam periods. It lowers their academic performance and satisfaction levels, ultimately affecting the health care delivery in long run. Methodology: A pre-validated questionnaire was circulated among the exam-going students. Anonymous responses were solicitated to encourage honest responses. We used MS-Excel for quantitative analysis. Content and thematic analysis was done for qualitative responses. Results: Out of 205 responders, there were 88 and 117 students from 3rd and 4th MBBS year respectively. About 56% of students perceived moderate-to-significant exam-related stress. Apart from exams in general, most were apprehensive about practical exam performance and faculty expectations. Only about 42% were satisfied with their level/efforts of study against the academic workload. Common themes for causation were time management, concentration challenges, lack of guidance/support, and ineffective study techniques. Vast majority had sleep disturbances and about 60% had somatic disturbances. Students had a strong preference for informal and emotion-based coping. Conclusion: Exam-related stress in multifactorial and needs to be addressed appropriately. Implementing structured study schedules and time management techniques could alleviate some of the stress. Encouraging active learning methods, such as spaced repetition and active recall, might enhance retention.

This paper underscores the crucial role of heritage awareness in the ongoing struggle for liberation and social affirmation of African American communities. It critically examines the correlation between black cultural and spatial memory and the fight for social equality in Dolen Perkins-Valdez’s work Happy Land, illustrating how heritage awareness and preservation function as foundations for identity, resistance, and social dignity. Through the novel, it tries to make the case on how memory and heritage empower resistance and can empower the ongoing pursuit of equality for African Americans. The study also observes that dominant groups often shape historical narratives to their advantage, marginalizing minorities and depriving the latter of the benefits embedded in their own history. Thus, passing down black heritage through storytelling empowers marginalized African Americans communities to reclaim and preserve their ancestral legacy and assert their claim to collective ownership of the American land. Through a psychoanalytic lens, the study explores how the affirmation of heritage not only fosters a sense of belonging and entitlement but also restores dignity to African Americans.

Background: Forward Head Posture (FHP) is highly prevalent among working adults, particularly in desk-based occupations, and is associated with neck pain, disability, and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Various interventions, including exercise protocols, ergonomic modifications, and digital feedback training, have been proposed to correct FHP, but a synthesized review of their effectiveness is limited. Objective: To systematically review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for FHP in working adults, focusing on improvements in posture angles, neck pain, and disability. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and intervention studies published between 2021 to 2025, targeting working adults with FHP. Key outcomes included craniovertebral angle (CVA), neck pain (VAS/NPRS), and neck disability index (NDI). Study characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and findings were extracted and tabulated. Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria, involving interventions such as scapular stabilization exercises, cervical and thoracic strengthening, postural education, and digital biofeedback. Most studies reported significant improvements in CVA, reduction in neck pain, and improved NDI scores, with combined exercise and ergonomic interventions showing the greatest effect. Conclusion: Exercise-based interventions, particularly those incorporating scapular and thoracic strengthening, are effective in improving posture and reducing neck pain and disability in working adults. Integration of ergonomic modifications and digital feedback enhances outcomes. Future studies should include long-term follow-up and standardized protocols for workplace-based interventions.

Aluminum and its alloys are widely used in industries due to their favorable mechanical properties, low density, and natural passivation. However, they remain susceptible to corrosion in acidic environments, necessitating effective and environmentally friendly inhibition strategies. In this study, the corrosion inhibition behavior of two phenolic acid derivatives, vanillic acid (VA) and isovanillic acid (ISVA), on aluminum was investigated using a combined density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. DFT calculations revealed that VA exhibits a higher HOMO energy, smaller energy gap, greater global softness, and larger fraction of electrons transferred compared to ISVA, indicating stronger electron-donating ability, higher chemical reactivity, and enhanced adsorption propensity. Fukui function analysis identified oxygen atoms in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups as primary reactive sites, with O (4), O (8), O (11), and O (12) in VA and O (11) in ISVA, highlighting the crucial role of oxygen-containing functional groups in adsorption. MD simulations confirmed strong adsorption of both inhibitors on the Al (111) surface, with adsorption energies of -0.692 eV (VA) and -0.706 eV (ISVA), and revealed favorable molecular orientation, surface coverage, and hydrogen bonding interactions stabilizing the protective layer. Integrating DFT and MD results, VA was identified as the more effective corrosion inhibitor due to its higher reactivity, multiple active adsorption sites, and stronger electron-donating capability. This study provides molecular-level insights into corrosion inhibition mechanisms and supports the rational design of environmentally friendly inhibitors for aluminum in acidic media.

The generative artificial intelligence is altering the way visual content is created, distributed, and consumed in marketing, design and creative practices. Since digital environments are inundated with visual content, businesses are turning to AI systems to accelerate the production, customize the experience, as well as experiment with new appearances. The paper will examine the impact of generative AI on visual communication, creativity, authorship, and design work. The current research and the trends of the industry indicate that creativity is no longer a purely human endeavor, but rather a combination of human and AI work. Although AI can be used to generate ideas quickly, with high scale of variation, and adaptive visual strategy, authenticity, cultural resonance, and ethical accountability of the work remain the domain of humans. This paper creates a conceptual framework to understand this new landscape, identifies its implications on visual marketing, and suggests viable ways of action when a company wants to adopt generative systems effectively. It concludes with identifying key limitations and outlining a future research agenda on the topic of human-AI creative ecosystems.

Introduction: The fibula is an important long bone of the leg that contributes to ankle stability, weight transmission, and serves as a preferred donor site for bone grafting. Knowledge of its morphometry and nutrient foramen characteristics is essential for orthopedic, reconstructive, and vascular procedures. Aim of the research was to study the morphology, morphometry, and position of nutrient foramina of the fibula in an Indian population. A descriptive osteometric study was conducted on 50 dried adult human fibulae, comprising 25 right- and 25 left-sided bones. Measurements of fibular length and articular facet dimensions were recorded using a digital Vernier caliper and osteometric board. Nutrient foramina were identified using a magnifying lens and their positions were classified according to the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the shaft. Result: The mean fibular length was slightly higher on the right side (34.52 ± 1.34 cm) compared to the left (34.24 ± 1.42 cm), with no statistically significant side-to-side difference (p > 0.05). Measurements of superior and inferior articular facets also showed no significant bilateral variation. A total of 47 nutrient foramina were identified, with the majority (78.7%) located in the middle one-third of the fibular shaft. Conclusion: The study demonstrates bilateral symmetry in fibular morphometry and a predominant localization of nutrient foramina in the middle third of the shaft. These findings provide useful baseline anatomical data relevant to orthopedic surgery, bone grafting, and forensic applications.