The purpose of this study is to explore the intricate relationships between Value-Based Care (VBC) and various organizational and leadership factors within healthcare settings. The research question concerns what is the impact of those factors on the implementation of VBC. The research adopts an explanatory approach and utilizes a quantitative method by employing a questionnaire to reach a sample of 376 respondents. The research was exclusively carried out in the eastern health cluster hospitals of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The findings revealed that effective nursing leadership, employee engagement, change management skills, and organizational culture significantly contribute to the successful implementation of VBC. The findings underscore the critical role of nursing leadership in driving improvements in patient care quality and operational efficiency. This research also highlights the importance of fostering a positive organizational culture and robust change management capabilities to enhance VBC practices. By identifying these key factors, the study provides actionable insights for healthcare administrators and policymakers aimed at improving patient outcomes and achieving cost-efficiency through the adoption of VBC models. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges certain limitations and suggests avenues for future research to further validate and expand upon these findings.

The study seeks to explore the olden days and contemporary tricks deployed by fraudlers in rubbing off their victims of their valuable possessions, money, food items etc. The study used both primary and secondary means in collecting its data and descriptive survey data analysis was used in order to analyses the study’s data. The study revealed among other things that the fraudulent activities via tricking has negative effects on both the victims as well as their communities. The study also recommends that fraudlers be exposed among the communities and people should morally upright as there is no short-cut to richness.

Artificial intelligence (AI), coupled with machine learning (ML) has been rapidly incorporated into pharmaceutical discovery and development. We reviewed 53 publications from 2018-2026 to summarize current applications of AI/ML in drug discovery. AI and ML have potential to impact every step of the drug development pipeline and have already shown to drastically reduce time frames for developing therapeutics. Specific deep learning models such as graph neural networks and transformers have shown promise in de novo molecular generation, molecular property prediction, and target recognition. Accurate protein structure prediction using AlphaFold allows for exploration of drug-target binding. De novo drug design with reinforcement learning allows for targeted design of molecules with desired properties. Machine learning models for QSAR provide more accurate toxicity predictions and ADMET profiling to avoid potential failures during drug development. However, current limitations include lack of interpretability, data limitations, and lack of regulatory approval. According to a review of recent literature, AI has the potential to decrease the time required for drug discovery from years to months and lower the cost of drug development. This review discusses recent advances, successful clinical examples, and opportunities for artificial intelligence/machine learning in drug discovery.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition of insidious onset which affects the oral mucosa, pharynx, and oesophagus. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-known precancerous oral lesion, characterized by scarring, tissue fibrosis, and premalignant lesions. The goal of clinical treatment is to reduce inflammation and improve patients' quality of life by enhancing mouth opening among others. The muscles of mastication are known to be affected resulting in limited mouth opening. Despite numerous therapeutic approaches, an ideal and universally accepted treatment modality remains elusive. Numerous treatment approaches for Oral Submucous Fibrosis exist, but there is limited robust evidence confirming their individual or collective effectiveness. While these treatments can alleviate the signs and symptoms of OSMF, a definitive cure remains elusive. This systematic review aims to assess and compare these various treatment modalities, focusing on their impact on clinical symptoms, functional outcomes, and disease progression. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE Library, limited to English-language publications. The search utilized incorporating the published literature till 2025 using the MeSH terms and keywords such as 'treatment modalities', 'Oral submucous fibrosis', ‘Mouth opening’, 'Diagnostic', and 'Therapeutic'. This review underscores the significance of habit control, physical therapy, intraoral appliances, as well as medicinal and surgical interventions in managing OSMF. Furthermore, it identifies areas where current knowledge is lacking, encouraging further research to develop more targeted therapies.

Much recent studies in trying to discover a more accurate and reliable method in age estimation have been ongoing. The study aimed at estimating age using the metrical parameters of the tibia bone. Long bones adjudged to be reliable also offer researchers an easy-to-use approach for its robustness and uniqueness. The cadaveric samples included bones of the right tibia of 78 males (53 profiled and 25 non-profiled for age) who are within the age range of 21 and 60 years. A convenience sampling technique was utilized for the bone collection. Two to three bone sections were collected from the mid-shaft of the right tibia using a hacksaw. The data was analyzed with SPSS 25. The findings showed that the mean of the marrow cavity diameter (MCD), marrow area (MA), radius, and area of cortex were 2.15 ± 0.07, 4.10 ± 0.27, 0.36 ± 0.01, and 0.45 ± 0.04, respectively. ANOVA test for variation shows a statistically significant (P=0) variation in the MCD and MA between the different age groups studied. The variation in the area of cortex was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The MCD, MA, and the radius of the cortex show weak correlation with age (r= 0.264, 0.363, and 0.031), and are hence poor assessors of age in males using the tibia.

Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death globally, with almost 10 million people dying from the disease annually, presenting a significant global health challenge. While traditional therapies - surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy - have extended survival rates, they are often compromised due to systemic toxicity, inadequate pharmacokinetics, lack of selectivity, and drug resistance. Innovative drug delivery systems (DDS), especially nanotechnology-based DDS, have recently gained attention as potential methods to improve therapeutic outcomes and outcomes. This review critically examines the advances in drug delivery for cancer treatment, with particular emphasis on nanotechnology-based systems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, inorganic nanoparticles, exosomes, and antibody–drug conjugates. Various features such as passive and active targeting strategies, drug release in response to stimuli, internalization and intracellular trafficking, administration routes, and in vivo considerations are thoroughly reviewed. Further, the review outlines the current clinical translation, regulatory advances, and key challenges, such as biological barriers, protein corona, scalability and tumor heterogeneity. The review also outlines future perspectives - such as artificial intelligence-driven formulation development, multi-omics integration, organoid-based systems for drug validation and precision nanomedicine - are also discussed as key factors for next-generation cancer treatment. In general, advanced DDS are helping to transform non-specific, conventional chemotherapy into targeted, efficient and individualized cancer therapies.

Foreign body ingestion of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a frequent cause of emergency endoscopy. Although most ingested foreign bodies pass spontaneously, some require urgent intervention to prevent serious complications. We conducted a retrospective monocentric study over three years (May 2022–July 2025) including all patients admitted for emergency upper GI endoscopy for foreign body ingestion at CHU Ibn Sina Rabat. Among 506 emergency endoscopies, 42 cases (8.3%) were performed for foreign body extraction. The mean age was 39 years, with a male predominance. Food impaction was the most common cause. The esophagus was the most frequent location. Endoscopic extraction was successful in most cases, while a minority required surgical intervention. Early endoscopic management adapted to the type and location of the foreign body ensures high success rates and reduces complications.