Moringa oleifera Seed Actions Following Aspartame Consumption: A Systematic Evaluation of the Large Intestine
Mbadugha Christopher Chiedozie, Edem Gabriel Donatus, Uwakmfon Abasi Ime Enang
Page Numbers : 15-24
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i01.003
The study was carried out to assess the effect of oral administration of Moringa oleifera seed extract following aspartame consumption on the intestinal wall. Twenty-seven (27) rats were used for this study. They were divided into nine groups. Group A, the control group were administered distilled water, Group B were administered 0.4 ml of Aspartame, Group C were administered 1.5 ml of Aspartame, Group D1 were administered 0.6 ml of aspartame for the first three weeks followed by 1.5 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group D2 was administered 0.5 ml of aspartame for the first three week followed by 1.3 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group E1 were administered 1.3 ml of apartame for the first three weeks, followed by 2.5 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group E2, were administered 1.5 ml of aspartame for the first three weeks followed by 3.0 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group F1 were administered 1.4 ml of aspartame and 2.8 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed from week one to week four. Group F2 were administered 1.3 ml of aspartame and 2.5 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed from week one to week four. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The rats were weighed once a week. On the 28th day, the rats were anaesthetized via chloroform inhalation; the large intestine harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed and stained with Harris Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Blood were harvested for analysis of Blood Glucose Level. Data were expressed as Mean ± standard error of the Mean (M±SEM) and subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Significant difference between mean was accessed by Student-New-Man-Keuls post hoc test. 95% level of significance (p < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed extract could not protect the Large intestine from the toxic effect of aspartame while the n-Hexane extract of Moringa oleifera seed has a protective effect on the large intestine.
Original Research Article
Jan. 19, 2022
New Born Children with NTD
Dr. Shilpa. Karkera
Page Numbers : 9-14
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i01.002
Background: The aim of the study was to describe epidemiological aspects and clinical characteristics of these patients, as well as diagnostic work-up, comprehensive management and updated follow-up. Methods: In a 4-years’ period, 6 female and 4 male fetuses were diagnosed with NTD in Department of OBG at Victoria Hospital, BMCRI, Bangalore. Analyzed data were related to familiar and/or maternal risk factors (consanguinity, maternal preexisting and/or gestational diseases, exposure to teratogen/infectious agents, lack of preconception folic acid supplement), demographic (ethnicity/origin, residence) and clinical features (eventual use of assisted reproduction techniques, prenatal diagnosis, gestational age, fetal presentation, type of delivery, birth weight, preoperative imaging, antibiotics and analgesics use, description of the surgery intervention, length of hospital stay, comorbidities, complications), and follow-up. Results: Among 10 cases, 6 female and 4 male fetuses were diagnosed with NTD. All 10 fetuses had Anencephaly and other associated anomalies. The diagnosis was made by prenatal ultrasonography. Among ten mothers one was over-aged. Medical history revealed that only 2 mothers used folic acid (FA), -tablets containing 5 mg folic acid, once daily, beginning after being aware of the pregnancy- neither initiated preconceptionally, nor consumed regularly. The remaining 8 mothers did not use any supplements. No mothers used any kind of drugs during pregnancy, and 2 were diabetic. All patients had normal thyroid, liver and renal function tests. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed no abnormality.
Review Article
Jan. 7, 2022
Aloe Vera Gel Effect on Skin and Pharmacological Properties
Aloe Vera, a cactus-like plant belongs to Asphodelaceae (Liliaceae) family has been used for traditional medical purposes for thousands of years. Aloe Vera derives its name from the Arabic word “Alloeh” which means “shining bitter substance” because of the bitter liquid found in the leaves and Vera which means “true” in Latin. There are over 300 species of aloe, most of which are native to South Africa, Madagascar and Arabia. Aloe leaves can be separated into two basic products: the latex, a bitter yellow liquid beneath the epidermis of the leaf and the gel, a colorless and tasteless substance in the inner part of the leaf. Both of them have many biologically active components, mainly anthraquinones and polysaccharides (the most active is acemannan), which may act alone or in synergy. Application of Aloe vera gel is cosmetic-moisturizers, toothpastes and flavoring compounds or preservative of fresh products and in medicine of humans or animals. Aloe vera gel is an active ingredient in hundreds of skin lotions, sun blocks and cosmetics. Aloe vera seems to treat of wounds, burns, insect stings, and skin inflammation, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antimicrobial, anti-tumor, anti- skin protection, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and which are very important for wound healing. Aloe Vera gel helps in activating new hair growth as it increases blood circulation to the scalp. It also provides essential minerals and vitamins.
Original Research Article
Dec. 30, 2021
The Kidney of Diabetic Wistar Rats Administered Garcinia kola and Tetracarpidium conophorum Extracts: Histological Cum Biochemical Perspectives
Dirokweni Emmanuel, Idorenyin Umoh, Mbadugha Christopher
Page Numbers : 201-213
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2021.v04i11.006
This study investigated the histological and biochemical effects of G. kola and T.conophorum extracts, in diabetic Wistar rats. Phytochemical and LD50 of the extracts were determined. Thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar rats weighing 180 – 200 g were divided into 6 groups (n =6). Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 served as diabetic control while groups 3 – 6 were diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight (bw)), G. kola (548 mg/kg bw), T. conophorum (524 mg/kg bw) and combined (G. kola and T. conophorum) respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anaesthesized and with cardiac puncture, blood was obtained for biochemical studies while the kidneys were harvested for the histological analysis. Glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.05) reduced FBG from 22.10 ± 1.65 mmol/L to 4.48 ± 0.29 mmol/L, G. kola from 22.04 ± 4.06 mmol/L to 7.40 ± 2.41 mmol/L, T. conophorum from 14.26 ± 2.38 mmol/L to 5.98 ± 0.57 mmol/L, and combined from 17.54 ± 1.72 mmol/L to 11.58 ± 2.11 mmol/L. G. kola significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the urea and raised the chloride and creatinine levels. T. conophorum significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the urea and increased the sodium and chloride levels, while the combined treatment significantly lowered the urea and raised the sodium levels. The plant extracts significantly attenuated the alterations in the kidneys. It may be concluded that the combined administration of G. kola and T. conophorum extracts and their single treatments showed hypoglycaemic and nephroprotective effects.
Review Article
Dec. 29, 2021
Benefit of Egg Shell as Calcium Source in Egg Production and Bone Development
Jameeh Kausar, Irum Naureen
Page Numbers : 196-200
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2021.v04i11.005
The external covering of egg is called eggshell. Chicken eggshell is composed of calcified egg shell as well as shell membrane. Its total weight is 10-11 % as compared to whole egg weight. Eggshell is an important structure for two reasons. Firstly, it act as an embryonic chamber during development of chick, secondly it act as a container and provide protection to the contents of egg and a unique container for the market egg. Despite its remarkable properties it is very often discarded from homes, restaurants, farms and factories. This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshell as calcium source in chicks, stressing the need to use a egg shell as a calcium source instead to use other sources. Hen eggshell is chemically composed of 65.6 % water, 11.8 % proteins, 11% fat and 11.7 % Ash. The shell consists of 97% calcium carbonate, and this is provided to the hen in the diet. However, the chemical must be broken down in the digestive system and then re-synthesized in the shell gland to form the shell. The shell of egg is the best sources of calcium then other sources like limestone. Calcium has an important role in formation of hard eggshell in hens. The calcium played a role in eggs quality as well as bone mineralization. Deficiency of calcium leads to minimize bone strength, egg weight and egg production.
Original Research Article
Dec. 29, 2021
Study on Stress, Anxiety and Depression in First year M.B.B.S Students
Dr. Havana Kasukurti, Dr. M. Usha Rani
Page Numbers : 191-195
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2021.v04i11.004
Background: Medical students are constantly exposed to stress which when present in a small amount is beneficial as it brings out the potential of the student; but a lot of stress is injurious to the well being of the student as it exerts a negative effect on the mental health, physical health and academics of the student. Objective: To study stress, anxiety, and depression levels perceived by the 1st year M.B.B.S students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at Andhra Medical College from November 2020 to December 2020. This Study included 1st year M.B.B.S Students who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were willing to give consent. Information regarding Age, Gender, Place of residence (hostel/day scholar), Motivation to take M.B.B.S course (Self-interest / Family pressure), Socioeconomic status using Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic status scale were collected. DASS -42 questionnaire was given to the students which was used to assess the stress, anxiety, and depression levels. The data was entered into Excel 2016 and SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Independent t-test and ANOVA tests were used to find the association between socio-demographic characteristics and DASS scores. Results: A total of 108 1st year M.B.B.S students participated in the study, belonging to the age group 18 – 20 years. The percentage of females was 55.6%. 95.4% of the students took the course with self–interest. 57.4% of students were residents of the hostel. The mean stress, anxiety and depression score was found to be 12.45 ± 5.92, 4.98 ± 2.81, 5.31 ± 3.42 respectively in this study. In this study, 49% of students were found to be in the mild stress category. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of stress and a considerable amount of anxiety and depression among 1st year M.B.BS students. A student help desk comprising of a psychologist, psychiatrist, parent representative and a senior faculty member can be formed who will help the students in addressing their negative emotional states.
Review Article
Dec. 19, 2021
Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Having Chronic Hepatitis B &C
Fatima Talib, Aisha Saleem, Irum Naureen
Page Numbers : 183-190
DOI : 10.36348/sijap.2021.v04i11.003
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and diabetic mellitus (DM) are two public health issues that have a significant financial impact on health-care systems. Hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer are all symptoms of HCV infections. They've also been linked to the pathogenesis of extrahepatic symptoms, such as metabolic illnesses like diabetes mellitus. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have found that people with chronic HCV infections had a greater incidence and prevalence of diabetes than those of HBV sufferers. Chronic HCV infections are accelerated histologically and clinically and lead to Diabetes mellitus. With the development of novel treatments like as direct-acting antiviral agents that enhance glycemic control in these individuals, therapy has recently progressed.
