Football its popularity compares to other sports at any age level, there is a lack of information on the technical, physiological and conditioning aspects of children players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the physical, muscular performance and speed of 12-year-old football players. Eighty-two footballers who were actively participating in the Albanian Children's Championship participated in the study. Batteries for fitness testing: Standard height, body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI), speed (30m sprint), vertical jump, and rated lower body muscle strength (vertical jump) were the tests selected for to measure. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the ANOVA method. Identifying the physical and physiological characteristics of football players provides insight into the physical and physiological qualities that are important to becoming a team member and playing successfully. The most important issue for the coach and football player is to determine the improvement of physical fitness through a well-modeled training programmer. Although anthropometric and physiological profiling is best seen as an objective tool for monitoring young player, physiological data may not be the only predictor of competitive success in football. On the other side, heritage in related physiological standards is an important prerequisite for success in football. Physiological standards play a crucial role in the selection of football talent.

Flexibility is one of the most important pain-free joint motions that necessary in games and sports. The idea of the present study was to recognize the nature of flexibility required for the performance of basketball and suggest a set of exercises to satisfy this purpose. At first, through a literature survey, consulting experts of the field and from the experience of own contribution in the game for a pretty long period, the exact nature and need of flexibility for the game of basketball was identified. It was understood that the flexibility of the ankle, hip, shoulder, trunk, and wrist was very essential for the purpose. The twelve (12) associated muscles around the specified joints were finalized. Eventually, a set of twelve exercises was prepared as a catalogue for developing the flexibility of basketball payers.

Basketball is a popular court-based team sport that has been extensively studied over the last decade. Yoga is a physical and mental discipline that forms part of ayurvedic medicine. The purpose of the study was to find out hematological variables (RBC, WBC, and Platelets) between regular basketball players and yoga practitioners. Nine (09) subjects were randomly participated as volunteers in this study; among them (n=04) were basketball players and the rest (n=05) yoga practitioners. Blood samples were collected in the morning session (6:30 a.m. to 7:30 a.m.) with fasting. Red blood cells (counts), white blood cells (counts), and platelets (counts) were criterion measures in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean and SD and an unpaired t-test were applied to check the level of significance (p<0.05). Statistical results indicated that the monocytes and platelets were statistically significant differences found between basketball players and yoga practitioners. There was no statistically significant difference in red blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocytes between the two groups. In summary, it could be said that basketball players’ monocytes and platelets blood count were higher than yoga practitioners, but red blood cell, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocytes blood count is closer in both groups.

That physical education and sports for children is indisputable, this has been proven and proven by scientific achievements, they even say that, to categorize physical education and sports for children as a separate branch of sports, unlike adults, ie a branch of independent of sports science and sports system. In addition of traditional methods of education and their possibilities to realize them in practice this study aims to attract attention of educators in the new models of social education adjusting this with preschool children interests. For the realization of our study, have selected 80 children from four Tirana’s preschools city, that seems to be the bigger city, center of economic, social, administrative, culture, academic, industrial, medial of Albania, with purpose to have a big representation of all social-economics layers. The children are separated in two equal groups. Collected data, in begin, middle and in the end of tests and questionnaires were under a statistical processing by IBM SPSS package, version number 22. T- test is used to see if there are significant changes between control and experiment group skills along the tests phases. Based on results, significant changes between genders in experiment groups first phases questionnaire. Through this study we think to offer some rational solutions with movement and social character, using a variety tools that gymnastic contains accompained by some educational and entertainment methods.

Sport is a significant business for some countries while people in many counties rarely afford to use sports facilities, as their sole concern is survival. Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, the survival of human being and coping with the effects of pandemic related preventive behaviours have become the hugest concern of the affected countries including Sri Lanka. This note was written to suggest that 'sport' could be used as a tool to overcome the adverse effects of staying home during COVID -19 regardless of the purchasing power of any person in Sri Lanka. Even though, the insights provided through this could visualise limitations in implications across all socio-cultural backgrounds, the author hopes the suggestion would benefit most citizens to think and act in a creative way by strengthening their family bonds.

More than twenty years since the war, Bosnia and Herzegovina remains a nation divided. Critically deficient in social trust, the country is experiencing an imbalance in the various forms of social capital precluding development of diverse horizontal and vertical relationships. Grassroots organisations, in particular sporting ones, have proven a useful avenue in helping build such relationships by uniting diverse groups over a common point of interest. However, one sport remains hereto explored for this potential—CrossFit. Remedying this deficiency, this project relies on CrossFit Sarajevo as a case study and seeks to explore whether this community has generated social capital and if so, what types. Relying on semi-structured interviews with thirteen of the club’s members, it shows that CrossFit can indeed build high levels of social capital and thereby contribute to development of diverse relationships in post-violence contexts. It also highlights the importance of encouraging behavior conducive to the development of inclusive norms and the need for vigilance against a recurring slide towards imbalance in social capital. Ultimately, these findings suggest further studies of grassroots organisations harboring potential for social capital generation—such as CrossFit clubs—and urge more-robust exploration of their permeability and influence across post-violent conflict societies.

The potentiality of yogic practices to improve physical and mental ability is well-known. The inclusion of yogic practice in cricket training protocol is a controversial topic. Plenty of research literature suggested that yogic asana improves physical fitness and controls competition pressure as well as match stress. So, the study was carried out to find out the effect of yogic practice schedule on cricket specific motor fitness. Thirty male district level cricketers with a mean age of 17.8 ± 1.6 years were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. One group underwent through selected yogic asana practices along with their regular training and another group did not include yogic asana practice in their training schedule. Basic physical and physiological parameters along with some cricket specific motor fitness components were measured before and after four weeks of yogic practices. The basic physical appearances of two groups were merely similar and a low resting heart rate has been observed among cricketers. Four weeks of yogic practice significantly improved the muscle endurance, agility and balance. A positive effect has also been observed in the predicted V̇O2 max. The study revealed inclusion of yogic practice in training sessions for cricketers plays an important role to improve motor fitness which is a key factor of performance.

Motor and cognitive in children growth can be influenced by the practice of football. This study was enhanced with a 10-week game program at three sessions per week, which improved children's performance in motor and cognitive functions. We chose as variables for our study; agility as motor skill and mental flexibility, inhibition and visuospatial memory as cognitive functions. The participants (N = 33) were students in a football promotion center with an average age of 11.5. They were divided into two groups, 16 students from the experimental group who performed a play program and 17 students from the control group who had a regular program. The experimental post-test group showed significantly greater gains than the control group on agility measurements, visuospatial memory, mental flexibility and inhibition. In addition, our results were revealed only a correlation between mental flexibility and agility.