Background: Forward Head Posture (FHP) is highly prevalent among working adults, particularly in desk-based occupations, and is associated with neck pain, disability, and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Various interventions, including exercise protocols, ergonomic modifications, and digital feedback training, have been proposed to correct FHP, but a synthesized review of their effectiveness is limited. Objective: To systematically review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for FHP in working adults, focusing on improvements in posture angles, neck pain, and disability. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and intervention studies published between 2021 to 2025, targeting working adults with FHP. Key outcomes included craniovertebral angle (CVA), neck pain (VAS/NPRS), and neck disability index (NDI). Study characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and findings were extracted and tabulated. Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria, involving interventions such as scapular stabilization exercises, cervical and thoracic strengthening, postural education, and digital biofeedback. Most studies reported significant improvements in CVA, reduction in neck pain, and improved NDI scores, with combined exercise and ergonomic interventions showing the greatest effect. Conclusion: Exercise-based interventions, particularly those incorporating scapular and thoracic strengthening, are effective in improving posture and reducing neck pain and disability in working adults. Integration of ergonomic modifications and digital feedback enhances outcomes. Future studies should include long-term follow-up and standardized protocols for workplace-based interventions.

The study's intention was to individualised and combined impact of speed play training and ladder training on selected bio-motor variables among college men cricket players. This study aimed to contribute a combination of speed play training and ladder training on cricket players for performance enhancement. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to individualised and combined impact of speed play training and ladder training on selected bio-motor physiological and performance variables among college men cricket players. Materials and methods: To achieve the purpose of the study, sixty (60) students participated in the inter collegiate tournament for their respective colleges, affiliated to Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science (Deemed to be University), Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, India during the year 2022 – 2023 were selected as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 25 years. In which, sixty (60) College students were randomly selected and they randomly assigned into four groups of fifteen (15) subjects each (n = 15). Group I underwent Speed Play Training (SPTG), group II underwent Ladder Training (LTG), group III underwent Combined Speed Play Training and Ladder Training (CSPTALDTG) and group IV acted as Control Group (CG), they were not assigned any specific training, but they were done their regular curricular activities. Their respective training programs for the duration of 12 weeks of 36 morning sessions in addition to their regular programme in their curriculum design. Conclusions: The study concluded that, control group had not shown significant change in any of the selected variables. The experimental groups namely speed play training, ladder training and Combined speed play and ladder training groups had significantly improved the bio-motor variables. Significant differences were found among speed play training, ladder training and combined speed play and ladder training groups had significantly improved the bio-motor variables. It was also concluded that combined speed play and ladder training group was found to be better than other Experimental groups in developing speed, agility, endurance and explosive power.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of strength and endurance training programme followed by yoga practice, on playing ability among female intercollegiate hockey players. For this purpose, 45 female hockey players who were played in various intercollegiate tournaments in the age category between 19 and 25 years were selected for the study. They were divided into three equal groups, each group consisting of fifteen subjects in which two experimental groups and one control group, in which the group I (n=15) underwent strength training followed by yoga practice, group – II (n = 15) underwent endurance training followed by yoga practice for three days (alternative days) per week for twelve weeks and group III (n = 15) acted as control, which did not participate in any training apart from their regular hockey game practice. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variable as hockey playing ability at prior to and immediately after the training period. For testing the hockey playing ability was assessed by administering Stewart Pitchers’ Hockey skill test, consists of dribbling, passing and goal shooting. Paired sample ‘t’ test was used to find out any difference between pre- and post-test mean values. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant difference if any, between the experimental groups and control group on selected criterion variable separately. Since there were three groups involved in the present study, the Scheffé S test was used as post-hoc test. The selected criterion variables such as Stewart Pitchers’ Hockey skill test, consists of dribbling, passing and goal shooting were improved significantly for all the training groups when compared with the control group. But there was no significant difference found between the training groups on selected criterion variables.

The purpose of study was to find out the individual and combined effects of suryanamskar and pranayama practices on flexibility of school boys. To achieve this purpose of the study, forty school boy’s students from Alagappa Physical Fitness Academy, Karaikudi, were randomly selected as subjects. The age of the subjects ranged between 11 and 13 years. The study was formulated as pre and post-test random group design, in which forty subjects were divided into four equal groups. The experimental group-1 (n=10, SNP) underwent suryanamaskar practices, the experimental group-2 (n=10, PP) underwent pranayama practices, the experimental group-3 (n=10, SNP+PP) underwent combined practice of suryanamaskar and pranayama and group 4 served as control group (n=10, CG) did not undergo any specific training. In this study, three training programme were adopted as independent variable, i.e., suryanamaskar practices, pranayama practices and combined practice of suryanamaskar and pranayama. The flexibility was selected as dependent variables and the measurement was recorded in Centimetres. The selected three treatments were performed five days in a week for the period of six weeks, as per the stipulated training program. The selected flexibility was collected before and after the training period. The collected pre and post data was critically analysed with apt statistical tool of one-way analysis of co-variance, for observed the significant adjusted post-test mean difference of three groups. The Scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out pair-wise comparisons between groups. To test the hypothesis 0.05 level of significant was fixed in this study.