The Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) has played a pivotal role in transforming Kabaddi from a traditional sport into a highly popular professional league format, attracting mass viewership across India and abroad. The sport’s visibility has further risen with the recent victories of both the men’s and women’s national teams at the Asian Games, which have significantly boosted public interest and fan following. Against this backdrop, the present study focused on examining the performance of the Gujarat Giants (GG) team across five PKL seasons, specifically from Season 5 to Season 9. A total of 166 matches were analyzed, and performance indicators such as Total Points, Total Raids, Total Raid Points, Total Tackles, and Total Tackle Points were taken into consideration. To determine whether performance varied between seasons, an ANOVA test with LSD Post-Hoc analysis was employed. The results revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in all key performance areas across the seasons, highlighting the dynamic nature of team performance. This type of performance analysis is crucial for Kabaddi, as it offers insights that can inform team strategies, enhance player development, and support data-driven decision-making for coaches, analysts, and management. Ultimately, it strengthens competitive preparation in an evolving professional sports landscape.

Background: The global incidence of partial restriction or completely frozen shoulder joints is on the rise. This study explored the Frozen Shoulder Syndrome (FSS), its relationship with Vitamin D Deficiency and insufficiency (VDD), and its impact on the spine owing to Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), across a diverse Indian population. Methods: FSS was assessed using Shoulder Active Abduction Range (SAAR) through a standard Goniometer. Vitamin D levels were measured using the CLIA technology. The Windows version 26.0 of IBM SPSS was used to compute means, standard deviations, multivariate regression analysis utilised to adjust confounders, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and post hoc testing were done through the Least Significant Difference (LSD) method. Risk estimates and odds ratios (95% CI) were calculated. The significance level was set at 0.05. This study retrospectively analysed 5265 approved patient records across various occupations and ages (4 to 90 years), over two decades. The gender distribution among individuals seeking treatment for back and neck pain was 2696 males and 2569 females. Results: Both left and right SAAR values were significantly lower and VDD was associated with both SAAR values. Upper back (UB) pain indicated a stronger correlation with the SAAR left than with the SAAR right. Lower back (LB) pain was moderately associated with the SAAR left and significantly with the SAAR right. A significant relationship between VDD and UB and LB pain was observed. Risk estimates were calculated and analyzed. Conclusion: This study proved the prevalence of repeated RSI on the spine owing to FSS and its relation to VDD. A simple non-invasive test like SAAR is highly beneficial for both clinician and health experts. There is an urgent need to identify FSS and VDD at an early age and across different ethnic groups and population.

As populations' life expectancies continue to increase, a major concern is whether this extended lifespan includes healthy years and improves the quality of life associated with health in old age. The disease-preventative, well-being-enhancing, and rehabilitative benefits of physical activity are scientifically established and widely acknowledged. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical activity of adults who regularly participated in individual exercise programs in a gym. The participants consisted of 20 men, aged 41.8±10.8 years and 30 women, aged 43±10.4 years. Participants attended gym exercise programs a minimum of three times a week. The evaluation was completed in one week. The TANITAAM-120E accelerometer was used to assess physical activity. The level of physical activity was assessed based on the daily number of steps. Results indicated that the participants' average number of steps per day was lower than the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended 10,000 steps for adults. Physical activity did not vary significantly by gender, although women exhibited a slightly higher step count. The results suggest that mere involvement in exercise programs does not necessarily contribute to achieving the recommended levels of physical activity.

Circuit training involves transitioning quickly between various exercise stations, completing a set number of repetitions or working for a specific duration at each station. It is a type of high-intensity training that combines elements of resistance and aerobic exercises, primarily aimed at enhancing both strength and muscular endurance. A full round of the exercises in a session is referred to as an "exercise circuit. "This training method was introduced in 1953 by R.E. Morgan and G.T. Anderson at the University of Leeds, England. It is widely regarded as an effective way to improve multiple components of physical fitness, including muscular strength, muscular endurance, explosive power, cardiovascular endurance, anaerobic capacity, agility, and flexibility. Morgan and Anderson’s model typically include six to twelve different exercise stations, targeting overall body conditioning. A full workout usually comprises two to three rounds of the circuit, with rest periods between 15 to 30 seconds between stations or sets. Circuit training programs can be tailored to fit individual fitness goals by adjusting the duration, intensity, or number of exercises. In a study involving 45 district-level football players, participants were divided to undergo either traditional circuit training or cardio-based circuit training. A pretest was conducted to assess selected motor fitness components. After a 12-week training period, a post-test was administered to evaluate improvements. Statistical methods such as the paired ‘t’ test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data. Where significant differences were found using the F-ratio, Scheffe’s post hoc test was employed to determine specific group differences. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. The results indicated that both forms of circuit training produced significant improvements in motor fitness variables, particularly in muscular strength and muscular endurance, among the football players.