Basic Education Curriculum Framework (BECF), emphasizes core values such as integrity, respect, and social justice. Despite this focus, there is a concern about the limited awareness and application of these values among learners, leading to a broader issue of inadequate value-based education. The objective of the study was to examine the knowledge and application of values among learners in primary and secondary schools in Kenya, focusing on the curriculum's role in nurturing ethical behavior and responsible citizenship. The study employed a mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from schools across 24 counties, targeting school administrators, teachers, learners, and key informants. The sample included head teachers, teachers, learners, and stakeholders from various community sectors. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, interview schedules, and focus group discussions, with pre-testing to ensure reliability and validity. The main findings revealed that the majority of learners had limited awareness of core values, with integrity (39.9%) and respect (33.3%) being the most recognized. Despite this, learners identified several practical scenarios where they applied values, such as cleaning school compounds and respecting school rules. Teachers emerged as the most significant influencers of learners' values, followed by parents, while head teachers and relatives had a lesser impact. The study also noted that, while teachers and key informants generally agreed on the importance of nurturing values, there was uncertainty about the community's role in promoting them. In conclusion, the study indicates a need for a more integrated approach to value-based education. Recommendations include strengthening the curriculum to emphasize value-based learning, enhancing teacher training, fostering school-community partnerships, promoting consistent reinforcement of values, and implementing ongoing assessment and evaluation mechanisms.

Education systems worldwide aim to not only impart knowledge but also instill values among learners. In Kenya, this objective faces several vices and barriers that hinder the effective inculcation of values in primary and secondary schools. Despite efforts to promote values in educational settings, vices such as cheating, fighting, and drug use remain prevalent in competitive sports within Kenyan schools. The objective of the study was to explore the prevalence of vices and the barriers hindering the inculcation of values among learners in primary and secondary schools in Kenya, particularly within the context of competitive sports. The study employed a mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from schools across 24 counties, targeting school administrators, teachers, learners, and key informants. The sample included head teachers, teachers, learners, and stakeholders from various community sectors. Data collection instruments included questionnaires, interview schedules, and focus group discussions, with pre-testing to ensure reliability and validity. The findings highlight significant challenges in promoting values within the educational system. Vices such as cheating (39.3%), fighting (24.0%), and drug use (18.0%) are prevalent in competitive sports, undermining the ethos of sportsmanship and creating adverse environments for value promotion. Despite efforts to implement value-based education, barriers such as peer pressure (36.2%), lack of role models (45.1%), heavy academic workloads, and the influence of social media persist, impeding the effective inculcation of values among learners. In conclusion, the study indicates that vices such as cheating, fighting, and drug use are prevalent in competitive sports within Kenyan schools, posing significant challenges to the promotion of values among learners. To address these challenges, the study suggests several interventions. Strengthening value-based education through curriculum integration and ethical teachings that can foster critical thinking and ethical behavior among learners. Additionally, implementing stricter oversight and penalties for examination malpractices are necessary to maintain academic integrity.

The use of performance-enhancing substances (PES) among Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes has been a growing concern in Kenya, driven by the desire to gain a competitive edge. This study explores the knowledge and attitudes associated with the use of PES, traditional herbs, and food supplements among Kenyan MMA athletes. The cross-sectional survey research design allowed for the collection of quantitative data to understand the athletes' perspectives. Participants in the study included MMA athletes from various regions across Kenya, with a target population of 4,000 athletes and a sample of 800 selected through Population Proportionate to Sample (PPS) technique. The research instruments used were questionnaires divided into two sections: Anti-Doping education and beliefs about PES, traditional herbs, and food supplements. Pre-testing ensured the reliability of the questionnaires. Data analysis utilized SPSS version 22, applying descriptive statistics and One and Two-Way Analysis of Variance to examine mean score differences at a 0.05 significance level. Results indicated that the majority of MMA athletes in Kenya are male (79.9%), with an age range of 18 to 54 years and a mean age of 26.8±4.1. Experience in years varied, with Wrestlers having the most years and Taekwondo athletes the least. Knowledge levels were generally low, with Bodybuilders scoring the lowest in a set of 16 Likert scale questions. Misconceptions about the safety of over-the-counter supplements were prevalent, with only 14.8% of athletes believing they were safe. Attitude scores showed that Bodybuilders and Weightlifters had a more favorable view of doping, while female athletes exhibited a significantly higher attitude score compared to males. The study concludes that there is a need for enhanced Anti-Doping education and awareness programs, particularly focusing on athletes with lower knowledge and attitude scores. Recommendations include implementing gender-specific education, promoting gender diversity in MMA, and strengthening collaboration with sports authorities and Anti-Doping agencies.

Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) has seen a surge in popularity in Kenya, with athletes from various backgrounds participating in the sport. However, with this growth comes an increased risk of performance-enhancing substances (PES) use. The intense physical demands of MMA may drive athletes to seek an edge through these substances, leading to significant concerns about health risks and sports integrity. The aim of this study is to assess the practices and beliefs regarding PES, traditional herbs (TH), and food supplements (FS) among Kenyan MMA athletes. Additionally, the study explores the sources of PES, the factors motivating their use, and the efficacy of current Anti-Doping testing practices. To conduct the study, a cross-sectional survey design was employed, sampling 800 athletes from a target population of 4,000 across six MMA federations. Data were collected using structured questionnaires adapted from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS), with pre-testing to ensure reliability. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and One- and Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 22. The results indicate that the majority of MMA participants are male (79.9%), with a median age of 25 years and a mean age of 26.8±4.1 years. Over half of the athletes perceived PES as a problem, but less than one-third viewed traditional herbs as a concern. Food supplements were used by nearly a fifth of the athletes, with bodybuilders showing the highest usage rate (44.4%). Coaches, team doctors, and physiotherapists were primary sources of these substances, while some athletes reported chemists and medical practitioners as suppliers of PES. The study found that the primary reasons for using PES and FS were to boost economic status through prize money, with additional pressures from coaches, family, and colleagues. Anti-doping testing revealed that 20.6% of athletes had been tested out of competition, while 34.4% believed they could provide a sample that wasn't theirs. The study concludes that while many MMA athletes recognize the risks associated with PES, there is a lack of consistent understanding regarding traditional herbs and food supplements. This inconsistency, combined with external pressures, may lead to risky behavior, compromising the athletes' health and the sport's integrity. To address these issues, the study recommends implementing comprehensive education programs for MMA athletes, coaches, and support personnel to raise awareness of PES risks. Strengthening anti-doping regulations and monitoring sources of PES and FS is also crucial. Additionally, promoting ethical coaching practices and addressing external pressures can foster a safer environment and uphold the values of fair competition in Kenyan MMA.

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of motivation and self-confidence of swimming athletes on the results of the 50 meter freestyle. This research is descriptive quantitative with a correlational approach. The sample for this research was selected through purposive sampling, so that the athletes involved were athletes who had won at the provincial level. A total of 32 athletes aged 13 – 17 years, athlete characteristics (mean ± SD), age 16.03±3.6 years, training experience 6.8±7.8 years, competition involvement in 1 year is 2 - 4 times. The instrument uses a questionnaire and a 50 meter swimming test which is then recorded based on the best time. The data shows a normal distribution and the linearity test is carried out through the F test (p-value > 0.05) which explains the influence between motivation and self-confidence and the results of the 50 meter freestyle swimming which are declared linear. Correlation results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between motivation and self-confidence on the results of the 50 meter freestyle swimming 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination shows that the influence of motivation and self-confidence on freestyle swimming results is (R2 = 0.877) or 87.7%. The conclusion is the importance of psychological factors such as motivation and self-confidence in achieving good results in swimming. These results can serve as a guide for coaches and athletes to strengthen motivation and build self-confidence which in turn can improve performance and achieve better results in swimming competitions.

Satisfaction is considered as a motivation to help individuals who are not persistent enough to fully perform physical education exercises. However, the effect of satisfaction on fitness development has not been determined, especially for non-sport students. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of female students' satisfaction on general physical fitness at Saigon University. 1007 female student were volunteered and selected who divided randomize in two groups (experimental and control). The solutions to improve satisfaction was selected and applied to experimental group, while control group do not apply the solution and practice according to a predetermined 15-week training program. The one-way ANCOVA algorithm was used to assess the difference in the general fitness level of female students in the pre- and post-experiment stages between the experimental and control groups. The results indicated that there was difference in the general fitness level of female students between the group that applied the solutions and the control group in the study. Further research is needed to be able to clearly assess the factors affecting the physical development and satisfaction in different groups of subjects in terms of age, gender, higher training level and in different specialized sports group.

Background: Psychology is the scientific study of human mind and its functions, especially those which affect behaviour in a given context. A personality profile is a comprehensive assessment that provides insights into an individual's psychological characteristics, behavioural tendencies, and emotional attributes. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze and understand the personality profile of elite male badminton players of Bangladesh. Methods: The personality profile was measured for the present study. For assessing personality profile, 16 PF questionnaire which was developed by Cattell was considered. Personality factors were assessed using Bengali version of Raymond Cattell’s 16 PF questionnaires (Form-C) developed and standardized by Bose and Chatterjee (1984), Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta. The 16 PF questionnaire was included total sixteen factors i.e. Factor A-reserved v/s outgoing; Factor B- less intelligent v/s more intelligent; Factor C-economically less stable v/s economically stable; Factor E- humble v/s assertive; Factor F-sober v/s enthusiastic; Factor G-expedient v/s conscientious; Factor H- shy v/s venturesome; Factor I-tough minded v/s tender minded; Factor L- trusting v/s suspicious; Factor M-practical v/s imaginative; Factor N-forthright v/s shrewd; Factor O- self assured vs. apprehensive; Factor Q1- conservative vs. liberal; Factor Q2- Group oriented v/s self sufficient; Factor Q3- undisciplined self-conflict v/s following self image; Factor Q4- relaxed v/s tensed. Total hundred male badminton players (n=100) who were attending National Coaching Camp of Bangladesh were selected as subjects. The collected data of personality factors were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the subjects were lower average in Factor H. On the other hand they were also found to be higher than the normal in Factors G and Q3. In respect of other factors they had found average standard mean values. Conclusions: National level male badminton players of Bangladesh appear to be average in personality traits including; A (warmth), C (emotional stability), E (dominance), F (liveliness), I (sensitivity), L (vigilance), N (privateness, O (apprehension), Q1 (openness to change), and Q4 (tensions ). It is also found that they have less reasoning ability (Factor B), be shy, sensitive, and hesitant (Factor H) in respect of social boldness. National level male badminton players of Bangladesh appear to be dutiful and rule bound (Factor G), imaginative (Factor M), self reliant (Factor Q2) and socially precise (Factor Q3)) conscientious in respect of rule consciousness.

Using regular scientific research methods to evaluate the current status of the quality of the physical education program for students at Hung Vuong University on the following aspects: Current status of factors affecting quality of students' physical education program. The results show that students' results in physical education subjects are generally at an average level. The proportion of students achieving good and excellent results is still small. The rate of students failing is still relatively high.

Physical education activities play a role in developing students’ physical abilities and have significant potential in shaping their character. This study aims to determine the effect of physical education activities on the character development of primary school students. The research method used was pre-experimentation with pretest-posttest (one group pretest-posttest design). The sample used was the 5th-grade students of Muhamadiyah Jogokaryan Primary School, with as many as 50 students [male: 38, female: 12], aged 8-12 years. Observation sheet instrument [Aiken V Validation: 0.94, Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Value: 0.813] was used to collect the data and to measure the students’ character. The analysis technique used a dependent paired t-test. The results of the difference test showed that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) was 0.000 < 0.005, indicating a significant difference in students’ character development after participating in physical education activities. Therefore, physical education activities significantly positively affect students’ character development. In conclusion, Physical Education plays a vital role in the character development of primary school students.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of applying measures to improve students' positivity during Vovinam lessons at FPT University Ho Chi Minh City (FPT University). Thereby, it serves as a basis for monitoring, adjusting, and changing the content of Vovinam subjects to suit the students being trained in the school. We conducted indirect interviews with research subjects using a questionnaire on a Likert scale (5 levels) to identify difficulties and obstacles while teaching and learning Vovinam. After interviews, 10 possible solutions were selected to put into practice. At the same time, conduct a reality check to understand the change in students' positivity after applying measures to enhance positivity during Vovinam lessons. After the experimental period, it was shown that the positivity (including intellectual positivity; cognitive positivity; learning positivity) of students in the experimental group (experimental group) and the control group (control group) both increased. However, the growth of the experimental group was clearly and statistically significantly higher (with P<0.05) than that of the control group’s.

Objective study this is for analyze effect of KEMP VINCENT Training on consistency groundstrokes in athletes tennis. Janis research use method experiment. Method study validating with test influence One or more variable than other variables. Study implemented in the field Yogyakarta State University Tennis. Implementation of 16 meetings, with frequency of 4 meetings in One Sunday. Taking sample using purposive sampling. Criteria sample includes; [1]. Players who are still active follow practice [2]. Willing follow all over training given [3]. No in circumstances Sick. Amount population of 20 athletes tennis field selalabora. Instruments / tests use forehand groundstroke test and backhand groundstroke test. The results of the validity and reliability of the backhand groundstroke are 0.895 and 0.925. Value data normality test results significance 5% or 0.05 normally distributed data. Homogeneity test obtained mark significance of 0.694 and 0.617 ≥ 0.05, population own similarity variant or homogeneous. And percentages increase in ability consistency with hasi; 18.3%. So that method Kemp Vincet Rally Tennis training matches for enhancement consistency groundstrokes, there are average increase of the player 's forehand groundstroke and backhand groundstroke scores tennis field selalabora.