Objective: To determine the electro physical agents (EPA) commonly used by physiotherapist in the management of non-specific low back pain in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on physiotherapist practicing in different clinical settings in Karachi Pakistan between January to March 2016. Written informed consent were taken from each study participants. Data were collected from 90 physiotherapists who were selected through non probability purposive sampling. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Results: It was found that out of 90 physiotherapists, 27(30.0%) male and 63(70.0%) female had responded. With mean (S. D) Age was 28.8(4.32188). The EPA used mostly in patients with non-specific low back pain as TENS 18(20.0%), Thermotherapy 17(18.9%, Ultrasound therapy 12(13.3%) and Interferential therapy 9(10.0%). In combination TENS, ultrasound and thermotherapy is about 8(8.9%) and interferential and thermotherapy is about 7(7.8 %). Conclusion: Physiotherapists give preference to some EPA such as TENS, Thermotherapy, Interferential therapy (I.F.C) and Ultrasound (U.S) to manage nonspecific low back pain. However, there is a need to highlights the use of EPA according to Evidence based practice.

The study’s purpose was to conduct a comparison of selected physiological measures among students who commute to school via three different modes of transportation (Bicycling, Walking, and Motor Vehicles). Initially, a total of 600 school-going boys (N = 600) were chosen as study participants. Class VIII to XII grade school male students aged 14 to 18 years were purposefully selected as study subjects from seven secondary schools in the Birbhum district of West Bengal, India. Each group had 200 participants: N = 200 for walking, N = 200 for bicycling, and N = 200 for motor vehicles. A category-wise number of subjects were selected from the different schools. The data was calculated by descriptive statistics. For all independent variables, which were computed by using SPSS, one way ANOVA test followed by t-tests were used. As a result, students traveling to school by motor vehicle, as non-active commuters, had a significantly higher Body Mass Index (21.81) and percent Body Fat (16.03) than the other two active commuters, namely the walking and bicycling groups. According to current researchers, students who commute from their homes to school each day may use walking as their main form of transportation. The researchers also concur that if the school is reasonably close to the home, walking is a great form of transportation for students.

Through the practice of synthesizing professional documents of domestic and foreign authors, the topic has interviewed experts and identified 34 specialized exercises to develop professional fitness for athletes of the Vovinam Truong team FPT University Ho Chi Minh City. This is the basis to continue to put into practice the exercises and confirm the effectiveness of these exercises.

The study aims at: Preparing exercises using (S.A.Q) method and its impact on developing some physical fitness and skills abilities for youth handball players. Identifying the effect of (S.A.Q) exercises in developing some physical fitness abilities for youth handball players. It is hypothesized that: There are statistically significant differences between the two groups (experimental and control) for the pre and posttests in the development of some physical fitness and skill abilities for youth handball players. There are statistically significant differences between the two groups (experimental and control) for the post-test in the development of some physical fitness and skill abilities for youth handball players. The researchers have used the experimental method by designing the experimental and control groups with pre and post tests for its suitability and the nature of the current research problem. The research community is represented by the youth players of Salah El-Din Handball Club for the sports season 2020/2021 numbering to (22) players. A number of (4) players are excluded as follows (2) goalkeepers and (2) players, due to their participation in the pilot experiment. So, the number of sample members is (18) players constituting (81.8%) of the research community. Conclusions: The (S.A.Q) exercises have brought about a development in the studied fitness variables of quickness and agility. The exercises used have led to a development in the level of the offensive side, especially the skill of shooting, whether from the remote areas or those close to the goal.

Background: Co-curricular activities are engaging out-of-classroom learning activities that attract student’s participation. However, the risk and safety of the students become a concern since it is one of the activities that often cause injuries during the activities. Such activities require a needs analysis study to be conducted to ensure that the modules produced can meet the needs and specifications of co-curricular activities in schools. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the need for module content and module specifications based on the safety of students in school during co-curricular activities. Methodology: To construct a module that can meet the needs of students and teachers, a needs analysis was conducted on 40 teachers who specialized in uniformed units, sports and games and associations in the district of Kudat. Data collection was done through constructed questionnaires and simple and purposive random sampling techniques. Results: The needs analysis shows that the student safety management modules in out-of-classroom learning have significant needs to be developed. Conclusion: The needs analysis of the study found that it is important to construct safety management modules in out-of-classroom learning to overcome the problems faced by the co-curricular advisory teachers in schools. These findings will be used to design and develop the module in the next phase. These findings are expected to help produce teaching modules that can solve the problems of co-curricular advisors during co- curricular activities.

The industrial revolution 4.0 with its rapid development speed and far-reaching impacts on the development of each country, if being left behind of this revolution, the lags behind the development is also inevitable. On the contrary, if making good use of the advantages of this revolution, the opportunities are huge. Industry 4.0 is based on people, in which high-quality human resources are the core for development. This is also the development direction that each country needs to prepare for incessant changes in the future. This article will present the issue of "Vietnam's higher education in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0: Opportunities, challenges, and innovations”

Sporting performance is dependent upon the athlete’s readiness to act, which facilitates the strengthening of the bond between stimulus and response. Thus, an athlete is highly motivated and eager to exhibit the best performance in the modern sporting world under tremendous load. For elevating the performance in the main competition it is extremely necessary to prepare the physical, physiological, and psychological condition of an athlete before the mega- events. That is the core concept of warming up. At the end of any sporting event, it is highly recommended to maintain homeostasis by lowering the intensity and volume of the work stimulus. This is termed as cool-down in sports training. The present research article discussed various research-based scientific innovations for promoting better warming up and cool-down protocols of sports training. The means and methods of warming up and cool-down are critically discussed for the promotion of modern sports training.

Objective: To compare the height, weight and BMI of Chinese children aged 2-4 years between urban and rural areas, and to provide some references for the study of early childhood health. Methods: A total of 1361 rural and urban children (721 boys, 640 girls) aged 2-4 years who met the criteria of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018 were selected as subjects, to analyze and compare the physical development of children in rural and urban areas. Results: The height of urban children aged 2-4 years was higher than that of rural children (p < 0.05), the weight of urban and rural children aged 2-4 years had no significant difference (p > 0.05), and the BMI of rural children aged 2-4 years was higher than that of urban children. Conclusions: The physical development of children in China is different between urban and rural areas, so we should pay attention to the problem of obesity in rural children.